Glucose levels in normal and mastitic milk

Marschke, R. J.; Kitchen, Barry J.

doi:10.1017/s0022029900023499

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These differential metabolites may be further explored for their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis between these 2 bovine mastitis stages. As observed in some studies (Marschke and Kitchen, 1984;Mansor, 2012;Thomas, 2015), the concentration of glucose was reduced in the milk samples from clinical mastitis cows. The exact reason for such change is unknown, but one possible explanation is the restriction of blood flow to the infected mammary gland, resulting in a limited blood glucose supply to the secretory cells (Linzell and Peaker, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry MSE-based untargeted milk metabolomics in dairy cows with subclinical or clinical mastitis

Kwok

Wang

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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In this study, a novel metabolomics technique based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry in the MS mode was used to investigate the milk metabolomics of healthy, subclinical, and clinical mastitis cows, which were classified based on somatic cell count and presentation of clinical symptoms. Meanwhile, univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the significant differences across the 3 groups. Compared with healthy milk samples, less glucose, d-glycerol-1-phosphate, 4-hydroxyphenyllactate, l-carnitine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, citrate, and hippurate were detected in the clinical mastitic milk samples, whereas less d-glycerol-1-phosphate, benzoic acid, l-carnitine, and cis-aconitate were found in the subclinical mastitic milk samples. Meanwhile, the milk concentration of arginine and Leu-Leu increased in both the clinical and subclinical mastitis groups. Besides, less 4-hydroxyphenyllactate, cis-aconitate, lactose, and oxoglutarate were detected in the clinical than the subclinical mastitic milk samples, whereas the abundance of some oligopeptides (Leu-Ala, Phe-Pro-Ile, Asn-Arg-Ala-Ile, and Val-Phe-Val-Tyr) increased by over 7.95-fold. Our results suggest that significant variations exist across healthy and mastitis cows. The current metabolomics approach will help in better understanding the pathobiology of mastitis, although clinical validation will be required before field application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Color version available online. motic balance between extracellular environment and the milk, as Na + and Cl − increase in milk during mastitis (Marschke and Kitchen, 1984). Besides, the low glucose may have resulted from the gathering of cells at the infected sites, and they used up the glucose in the localized area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry MSE-based untargeted milk metabolomics in dairy cows with subclinical or clinical mastitis

Kwok

Wang

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Marschke and Kitchen (1984) found from 20 to 570 µM (mean 220 µM; n = 188) glucose after centrifugation and precipitation of samples. Lemosquet et al (2004) found on average 480 to 580 µM; Rigout et al (2002) 430 to 570 µM; Hurtaud et al (1998 and2000) reported 720 to 830 µM and 510 to 650 µM, respectively; and Faulkner and Pollack (1989) 350 to 580 µM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Larsen

Moyes

2015

Animal

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A total of 3200 milk samples from Holstein and Jersey cows were analysed for free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) by an enzymatic-fluorometric method that requires no pre-treatment. The cows were primiparous as well as multiparous, and samples were taken throughout the entire lactation period. In addition, lactose, protein, fat, citrate and β-hydroxybutyrate were determined and comparisons between these variables were made. Data were analysed using GLM model for the effect of parity, breed, time from last milking and stage of lactation on variations in parameters in milk. Pearson's correlations were generated between milk variables. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Concentration of free glucose and G6P were on average 331 and 81 μM, respectively. Time from last milking (stay in the gland cistern) did not increase the concentration of these monosaccharides, indicating that they are not hydrolysis product from lactose post secretion, but rather reflecting the energy status of the mammary epithelial cells pre-secretion. Wide variation in range of these metabolites, that is, from 90 to 630 μM and 5 to 324 μM, for glucose and G6P, respectively, was observed. During the first 21 weeks in milk, free glucose increased whereas G6P decreased. Concentration of free glucose in milk is greater for primiparous than multiparous cows and greater for Holstein than Jersey cows. Concentration of G6P was not affected by parity or breed. The use of free glucose and G6P as indicators of physiological conditions and risk of disease is warranted for use as potential biomarkers for in-line surveillance systems on-farm.

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“…26,[52][53][54] The routine analytical determination of lactulose in heated milks is thus possible and is also applicable to the analysis of lactulose syrups and dried infant formula. 31 Likewise, it has the potential to be effective for the diagnosis of cow infections such as clinical and subclinical mastitis 55 as well as of carbohydrate-related metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the present experiments demonstrate the usefulness of performing HPAEC-PAD of mono-and disaccharides using dilute NaOH eluents modified with barium acetate, and such a feasibility should enable previously difficult or otherwise unattainable isocratic separation of closely related carbohydrates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method Development for the Quantitative Determination of Lactulose in Heat-Treated Milks by HPAEC with Pulsed Amperometric Detection

1999

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A robust, rapid, and sensitive high-performance anion-exchange chromatographic method for the separation and quantitative determination of lactulose in heated milks, along with other common milk carbohydrates, has been developed. Complete separation of galactose, glucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, lactose, lactulose, and epilactose was isocratically accomplished in about 22 min by an anion-exchange column eluted with 10 mM NaOH spiked with 2 mM Ba(OAc)2. The within-day repeatability was lower than 2.1% for 10 repetitive injections. Under optimized conditions, there was no need either of post-column addition of strong bases to the eluent for enhancing detection sensitivity or, even more important, for column regeneration between chromatographic runs. Upon 100-fold sample dilution, the amperometric response of lactulose in milk samples was found to be linear up to 100 microM (r = 0.99935) with a limit of detection equal to 1.2 microM (S/N = 3). The lactulose content in ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) and sterilized milks was evaluated by a calibration graph using 2-deoxyglucose as the internal standard, making the proposed method very useful in discriminating among heat-treated milks. Whereas the mean value of lactulose in skimmed, partially skimmed, and whole UHT milks ranged from 10 to 90 mg/100 mL, lactulose content in bottle-sterilized whole milk (two samples) was higher than 140 mg/100 mL. The presence of epilactose, which is another isomer of lactose, was also ascertained in sterilized milk.

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Glucose levels in normal and mastitic milk

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry MSE-based untargeted milk metabolomics in dairy cows with subclinical or clinical mastitis

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry MSE-based untargeted milk metabolomics in dairy cows with subclinical or clinical mastitis

Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Method Development for the Quantitative Determination of Lactulose in Heat-Treated Milks by HPAEC with Pulsed Amperometric Detection

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