Glucose concentration in capillary blood of dairy cows obtained by a minimally invasive lancet technique and determined with three different hand-held devices

Mair, B.; Drillich, M.; Klein-Jöbstl, D.; Kanz, P.; Borchardt, S.; Meyer, Laurent; Schwendenwein, Ilse; Iwersen, M.

doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0662-3

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It has been reported that in dairy cattle, adequate levels of blood glucose may be important for proper functioning of the ovaries and uterus and that blood glucose of 60 (mg/dL) is appropriate for the cow to get pregnant at first insemination [4]. In this study, blood glucose (mg/dL) levels were within normal range (40-60) [24], and that concentration of plasma glucose was higher during late pregnancy (67.89 ± 6.52) and in the PPP (65.88 ± 5.94) than in nonpregnant cows (57.40 ± 7.90). In the PPP, the serum glucose concentration was insignificantly lowered than in the pregnancy period, and this is probably due to the needs of lactose and fats for milk production [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Determination of Blood Glucose, Total Protein, Certain Minerals, and Triiodothyronine during Late Pregnancy and Postpartum Periods in Crossbred Dairy Cows

Mohammed

Ahmad

Frah

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine International

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The late pregnancy (3rd trimester) and the postpartum period (PPP) (calving date or day zero to day 45) are very critical periods for the fertility and production in dairy cows. This study was designed to investigate blood glucose, total protein (TP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and triiodothyronine (T3) during late pregnancy and the PPP. Twenty-seven apparently healthy multiparous crossbred dairy cows (Friesian × Kenana) were included in this study. The cows were randomly allocated into three groups: group A (n = 10), cows with late pregnancy, group B (n = 7), cows in the PPP, and group C (n = 10), nonpregnant cows as control. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that blood glucose was higher in late pregnancy and the PPP than in nonpregnant cows. The TP was significantly lower in late pregnant cows than during the PPP and in nonpregnant cows. Ca, P, and Mg were not significantly different between periods. Serum Fe and T3 were significantly lower during the PPP than that in late pregnant and nonpregnant cows. The results can provide indications of the nutritional status of dairy cows and a diagnostic tool to avoid the metabolic disorders that may occur during late pregnancy and the PPP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Determination of Blood Glucose, Total Protein, Certain Minerals, and Triiodothyronine during Late Pregnancy and Postpartum Periods in Crossbred Dairy Cows

Mohammed

Ahmad

Frah

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…Glucose was assayed by colorimetric method using a commercial Kit from Biodiagnostic Company (Dokki, Giza, Egypt) and UV-2100 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) [25]. Blood samples were classified according to its glucose level as hypo-(<40 mg/dL), normo-(40-60 mg/dL) or hyperglycemic (>60 mg/dL) [26].…”

Section: Blood Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows

El-Kasrawy

Swelum

Abdel-Latif

et al. 2020

Animals

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A total of 108 Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of drenching propylene glycol (PG) either individually or in combination with glycerol (G) on body condition score (BCS), production, reproductive performance, protection against subclinical ketosis and economic benefit of dairy cows during the transition period. The six groups (n = 18/group) were; Control group, cows received no treatment; PG300, cows were drenched 300 mL PG for 7 days pre-expected day of calving and 21 days post-calving; PG400, cows were drenched 400 mL PG for 7 days pre-and 7 days post-calving; PG500, cows were drenched 500 mL PG for 10 days pre-and 10 days post-calving; GPG150, cows were drenched a mixture of 150 mL G and 150 mL PG for 21 days pre-and 21 days post-calving; GPG250, cows were drenched a mixture of 250 mL G and 250 mL PG for 21 days pre-and 21 days post-calving. BCS at 30 days in milk (DIM) was significantly higher in all treated groups in comparison to the control one and the best values were observed in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups. Lactation length (LL) was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups than control group. There was a significant increment in 305 milk yield (p < 0.001) and average daily milk yield (p < 0.001) in GPG250 and PG500 groups than other groups except for PG300 with the lowest values for control and PG400. Cows in all treatment groups were observed in heat and conceived earlier as well as had shorter open days and calving interval durations (p < 0.001) and low number of services per conception (p = 0.004) compared to control group with better results for PG500 and GPG250 groups. BHB level and percentage of cows suffered from subclinical ketosis at 7 DIM was significantly lower in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups than control group. Cows in treatment groups had a significantly higher glucose level (p = 0.006) compared to control group. Regarding to economics, the control group showed the highest feed costs, insemination costs and total costs per animal. Additionally, control and PG400 groups had the highest cost per kilogram of milk from total and feed costs compared to other cows. PG300, PG500 and GPG250 groups recorded a greater net return and income over feed cost (IOFC). In conclusion, the continuous drenching of propylene glycol either individually or in combination with glycerol regimens for long duration (PG300, PG500, GPG150, GPG250) during the transition period of dairy cows may reduce the incidence of subclinical ketosis and consequently improve milk production, reproduction and economics compared to drenching for short duration (PG400).

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“…Blood concentrations of glucose in humans are approximately 5.5 mM [97]. Glucose concentrations in ruminants are typically lower (2–4 mM [98–100]), and primary sources of energy are typically volatile fatty acids in the form of acetic, propionic and butyric acid [101, 102]. To date, products of volatile fatty acid metabolism, such as 2-methylcitrate and 2-methyl-cis-aconitase, have not been reported in T. congolense .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent metabolism betweenTrypanosoma congolenseandTrypanosoma bruceiresults in differential drug sensitivity

Steketee

Dickie

Iremonger

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a debilitating livestock disease prevalent across sub-Saharan Africa, a main cause of which is the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma congolense. In comparison to the well-studied T. brucei, there is a major paucity of knowledge regarding the biology of T. congolense. Here, we use a combination of omics technologies and novel genetic tools to characterise core metabolism in T. congolense mammalian-infective bloodstream-form parasites, and test whether metabolic differences compared to T. brucei impact upon drug sensitivity. Like T. brucei, glycolysis plays a major part in T. congolense energy metabolism. However, the rate of glucose uptake is significantly reduced in T. congolense, with cells remaining viable when cultured in concentrations as low as 2 mM. Instead of pyruvate, the primary glycolytic endpoints are succinate, malate and acetate. Comparative transcriptomics analysis showed higher levels of activity associated with the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, acetate generation and the succinate shunt in T. congolense. However, based on omics analysis and chemical inhibition, there does not appear to be significant levels of oxidative phosphorylation. Stable-isotope labelling of glucose enabled the comparison of carbon usage between T. brucei and T. congolense, highlighting differences in nucleotide and fatty acid metabolism. To validate the metabolic similarities and differences, both species were treated with pharmacological inhibitors, confirming a lack of essential electron transport chain activity in T. congolense, but increased sensitivity to inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate import. Strikingly, T. congolense exhibited significant resistance to inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis, including a 780-fold greater EC50 against the lipase and fatty acid synthase inhibitor Orlistat, compared to T. brucei. These data highlight that bloodstream form T. congolense diverges from T. brucei in key areas of metabolism, with several features that are intermediate between bloodstream- and insect-stage T. brucei. These results have implications for drug development, mechanisms of drug resistance and host-pathogen interactions.

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Glucose concentration in capillary blood of dairy cows obtained by a minimally invasive lancet technique and determined with three different hand-held devices

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Determination of Blood Glucose, Total Protein, Certain Minerals, and Triiodothyronine during Late Pregnancy and Postpartum Periods in Crossbred Dairy Cows

Determination of Blood Glucose, Total Protein, Certain Minerals, and Triiodothyronine during Late Pregnancy and Postpartum Periods in Crossbred Dairy Cows

Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows

Divergent metabolism betweenTrypanosoma congolenseandTrypanosoma bruceiresults in differential drug sensitivity

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