Glucose appearance in the peripheral circulation and liver glucose output in men after a large 13C starch meal

Abstract

Although the starch in parboiled rice is less susceptible to digestion in vitro, exogenous glucose availability was not significantly different after ingestion of large amounts of polished or parboiled rice. Glucose absorption remains incomplete 8 h after ingestion of both types of rice.

Cereal Processing Influences Postprandial Glucose Metabolism as Well as the GI Effect

“…This result may be ascribed to 13 C-glucose recycling, which occurs as a result of labeled glucose synthesized in the liver from 13 C-lactate produced from exogenous glucose in the gut or in peripheral tissues [16,[45][46][47]. This phenomenon leads to further appearance of 13 C-glucose in the peripheral circulation, which is consequently determined twice.…”

“…It is thus necessary to describe metabolic response to carbohydrate ingestion rather than simply the glycemic profile resulting from the difference between incoming and outgoing glucose flow rates whether exogenous from the food or endogenous from the organism. In order to study the kinetics of absorption of carbohydrate rich foods, the double-isotope labeling method is generally used [14,[16][17][18][19]. This method makes it possible to measure the rates of appearance in plasma of exogenous glucose from the test food only [14].…”

Modeling a simplified regulatory system of blood glucose at molecular levels

“…In Section 2, based on the existing mathematical models mentioned above, we establish a new control model for the regulatory system of blood glucose using ordinary differential equations. In Section 3, we validate our model using the experimental data of Korach-Andre´et al (2004) and predict the sensitivity of the glucose regulation mechanisms to perturbations of insulin infusion. In Section 4, we derive a formula of calculating an insulin sensitivity index.…”

Applicability Results of a Nonlinear Model-Based Robust Blood Glucose Control Algorithm

“…In normal individuals, it is known that plasma glucose is restored to premeal basal levels in approximately 120 min for a normal meal (~1 g glucose/ kg body weight), but for a very large meal (~4.5 g glucose/kg body weight), this period is up to 360 min. 33 The latter situation can be considered the worst case of meal intakes. In order to test the effect of large meal intake (based on theoretical models of absorption 34 ), the concentration of glucose absorption rate (normalized by distribution volume) can be considered to follow a Weibull curve ( Figure 5):…”