Glucose and Lipid Dysmetabolism in a Rat Model of Prediabetes Induced by a High-Sucrose Diet

Abstract

Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity are key features of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their molecular nature during the early stages of the disease remains to be elucidated. We aimed to characterize glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-target organs (liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue) in a rat model treated with a high-sucrose (HSu) diet. Two groups of 16-week-old male Wistar rats underwent a 9-week protocol: HSu diet (n = 10)—received 35% of sucrose in drinking water; Control (n = 12)—received vehicle (water). Body weight, food, and beverage consumption were monitored and glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured. Serum and liver triglyceride concentrations, as well as the expression of genes and proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis were assessed. The insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were also measured in freshly isolated adipocytes. Even in the absence of obesity, this rat model already presented the main features of prediabetes, with fasting normoglycemia but reduced glucose tolerance, postprandial hyperglycemia, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, as well as decreased insulin sensitivity (resistance) and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, impaired hepatic function, including altered gluconeogenic and lipogenic pathways, as well as increased expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 and fatty acid synthase in the liver, were observed, suggesting that liver glucose and lipid dysmetabolism may play a major role at this stage of the disease.

Antibiotic Treatment Does Not Ameliorate the Metabolic Changes in Rats Presenting Dysbiosis After Consuming a High Fructose Diet

“…In this study, we observed hypertension in the high fructose group by using the tail cuff measurement and no amelioration was detected after the antibiotic treatment. However, the elevation of insulin and glucose in this model are modest and inconsistent [19,[36][37][38] and in our study, HFrD had no effect on those parameters.…”

Crescent-Like Lesions as an Early Signature of Nephropathy in a Rat Model of Prediabetes Induced by a Hypercaloric Diet

“…Blood glucose levels were quantified through the tail vein before the injection and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after, using the portable device Accu-Chek ® Aviva glucometer (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). The area under the curve (AUC) for the GTT was calculated by using the trapezoidal method, as previously described [23].…”

“…Insulin tolerance test (ITT): In the last day of the last treatment week (23), rats were administered intraperitoneally with insulin (0.75 U/kg BW, Actrapid Novo Nordisk) following a 6-h fasting period. Blood glucose levels were obtained through a drop of blood from the tail vein before the bolus and 30, 60 and 120 min after, using the portable device Accu-Chek ® Aviva glucometer (Roche, Mannheim, Germany).…”

Interaction of the CMTM7 rs347134 Polymorphism with Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Obesity in Han Chinese Male Children

“…The NSDP mainly consists of nuts and sweets, which need to be analyzed from two aspects. The animal experiment uncovered that a high-sucrose diet can induce glucose and lipid dysmetabolism in a Rat model [51]. A multi-ethnic sample of a children study had shown that greater fructose-rich food intake is positively associated with the TG level and negatively associated with the HDL cholesterol level [52].…”