Glucose and insulin metabolism in ruminating and veal calves fed high and low fat diets

Palmquist, D.L.; Doppenberg, Jason B.; Roehrig, Karla L.; Kinsey, Donna

doi:10.1016/0739-7240(92)90037-x

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The only age-related differences were found in low calves where plasma glucose AUC at 240 min and glucose clearance rate were reduced from 4 to 10 wk of age. This result agrees with previous reports that indicate that the ability to clear glucose decreases as the calf matures and is weaned (Palmquist et al, 1992;Yunta et al, 2015). The preweaning treatments caused no carry-over effects postweaning, which is in agreement with the measurements from Yunta et al (2015), who found no treatment effect after weaning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In accordance with earlier studies (Kaufhold et al, 2000;Terré et al, 2009;Yunta et al, 2015), basal glucose was higher in calves fed an elevated plane of MR intake during postprandial measurements. This finding was expected, as high calves were fed a 2-fold greater level of dietary lactose, which has been shown to increase blood glucose levels (Palmquist et al, 1992). We found no effect of age on basal glucose, which contrasts previous studies in veal calves showing that extended feeding of large volumes of milk for several months leads to hyperglycemia and glucosuria (Hostettler-Allen et al, 1994;Hugi et al, 1997Hugi et al, , 1998).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

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Effect of plane of milk replacer intake and age on glucose and insulin kinetics and abomasal emptying in female Holstein Friesian dairy calves fed twice daily

MacPherson

Berends

Leal

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to investigate how preweaning plane of milk replacer intake and age can affect insulin and glucose kinetics as well as abomasal emptying rate in dairy calves fed twice a day. A total of 12 female Holstein Friesian calves were blocked by cow parity, paired by colostrum origin, and were randomly assigned to a high plane of milk replacer intake (8 L/d, 1.2kg of milk replacer/d; n=6) or a low plane of nutrition (4 L/d, 0.6kg of milk replacer/d; n=6). All calves received 4 L of colostrum over 2 meals (1 and 6h after birth) and were then directly transferred to their assigned feeding plans until they were stepped-down from milk by 50% during wk 7 and weaned on wk 8. Milk replacer (24% crude protein, 18% crude fat) was fed at 150g/L twice daily (0700 and 1700h) and all calves had ad libitum access to pelleted calf starter, chopped wheat straw, and water. Jugular catheters were placed in all calves at 4, 7, and 10wk of age. Then, postprandial response to plasma glucose, insulin, and acetaminophen (supplied with the meal) were determined to measure abomasal emptying. The next day, a glucose tolerance test was conducted by infusing glucose via the jugular catheter. At 4 and 7wk of age, the rate constant (%/h) for abomasal emptying of the meal was lower in high calves (0.21±0.02 in wk 4; 0.27±0.02 in wk 7) compared with low (0.34±0.02 in wk 4; 0.47±0.02 in wk 7). The postprandial plasma insulin area under the curve over 420min was greater in high calves (18,443±7,329; low=5,834±739 µU/mL) compared with low. We found no differences in glucose tolerance test kinetics between the high and low dairy calves at 4, 7, or 10wk of age. The findings from this study suggest that feeding dairy calves an elevated plane of nutrition in 2 meals of milk replacer per day does not decrease insulin sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Effect of plane of milk replacer intake and age on glucose and insulin kinetics and abomasal emptying in female Holstein Friesian dairy calves fed twice daily

MacPherson

Berends

Leal

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Interestingly, glucose clearance rate tended (P = 0.09) to be greater for calves consuming LF than for calves consuming HF. This is in contrast to results from previous studies (Palmquist et al, 1992) wherein calves fed low-fat diets tended to decrease glucose utilization rates with age and had lower glucose and insulin areas under the curve. Because of differences in nutrient composition of the starter feed, calves fed LF diets consumed proportionally more NFC than calves fed HF after weaning.…”

Section: Gttcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Interaction between milk allowance and fat content of the starter feed on performance of Holstein calves

Araújo

Terré

Bach

2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Sixty-six Holstein male calves [42 ± 6.0 kg of body weight (BW) and 12 ± 3.1 d of age] were housed individually and allocated to 1 of 4 treatments following a 2 × 2 factorial complete randomized design to assess the potential interaction between milk replacer (MR) allowance and fat content in the starter feed. Thus, 4 treatments were evaluated: a low-fat (4.1% fat; LF) starter feed offered along with 4 L/d of MR (4 LF), a high-fat (11.2% fat; HF) starter feed plus 4 L/d of MR (4 HF), a LF starter feed offered with 6 L/d of MR (6LF), and an HF starter feed offered with 6 L/d of MR (6 HF). Calves were fed either 4 or 6 L/d of MR (25% crude protein and 19.2% fat) in 2 offers (0800 and 1630 h) and had ad libitum access to either an LF or an HF starter feed (21.4 and 22.3% crude protein). Calves were weaned at wk 6 of study by halving the daily MR allowance for 1 wk. Individual MR and starter feed intakes were recorded daily and BW was determined weekly. A glucose tolerance test was performed on d 30 of study to evaluate the effects of increased energy provision on glucose metabolism. Apparent feed digestibility was measured for the last 5 d of study. Overall, fat content of starter feed had no effect on solid feed intake. However, during wk 8 of study (after weaning), calves in the LF treatment had greater starter feed intake than HF calves. Calves on 6 L/d of MR had greater BW than calves fed 4 L/d from the second week of study until weaning. After weaning, 6 LF calves had lesser BW than 6 HF calves. Calves on 6 L/d of MR had greater average daily gain than calves fed 4 L/d, and 6 HF calves tended to have the greatest average daily gain. Glucose clearance rate tended to be lesser for HF than for LF calves. In conclusion, offering 6 L/d of MR increased growth performance before weaning and, when offering 6 L/d of MR, feeding a high-fat starter feed resulted in the greatest BW after weaning.

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“…However, evidence has recently been presented that the metabolic effects of dietary fibres are associated with, and possibly mediated through, changes of gastrointestinal hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-I (Reimer and McBurney, 1996;Reimer et al, 1997;Kok et al, 1998). Thus, the metabolic effects of FOS, which has many of the properties of dietary fibre, may also be mediated by this or other hormones.Previous studies have shown that veal calves towards the end of fattening develop postprandial hyperglycemia, glucosuria, hyperinsulinemia and marked insulin resistance (Palmquist et al, 1992;Hostettler-Allen et al, 1994;Hugi et al, , 1998, indicating insufficient metabolic control and inefficient use of glucose as an energy source. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of FOS on haematological, metabolic and endocrine traits in veal calves, especially focusing on glucose metabolism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that veal calves towards the end of fattening develop postprandial hyperglycemia, glucosuria, hyperinsulinemia and marked insulin resistance (Palmquist et al, 1992;Hostettler-Allen et al, 1994;Hugi et al, , 1998, indicating insufficient metabolic control and inefficient use of glucose as an energy source. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of FOS on haematological, metabolic and endocrine traits in veal calves, especially focusing on glucose metabolism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructo‐Oligosaccharide Supplementation: Effects on Metabolic, Endocrine and Hematological Traits in Veal Calves

Kaufhold

Hammon

Blum³

2000

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are soluble fibres which exert various effects in the gastrointestinal tract, and induce metabolic and endocrine changes. The effects are favourable in diabetes mellitus, and may be favourable in veal calves, which during late periods of fattening often develop hyperglycemia, glucosuria and insulin resistance, especially during high lactose intake. Based on this we have studied metabolic, endocrine and haematological traits in veal calves (Simmental x Red Holstein) fed FOS (10 g/day; group GrF) or no FOS (group GrC). Whole milk and milk replacer in both groups, on a kg body weight basis, were fed in identical amounts. Experiments, lasting for 3 weeks, started when calves were 10 weeks old and weighed 117 kg. During week 3 lactose was supplemented to enhance post-absorptive glucose loads. Feed intakes were similar in both groups, but weight gain tended to be higher in GrF than GrC. The post-prandial increase of glucose concentrations was significantly smaller, of lactate tended to be smaller, and growth hormone peak frequency tended to be lower, whereas maximal insulin concentrations reached post-prandially were significantly higher in GrF than GrC. Eosinophil granulocytes increased during FOS feeding. In conclusion, FOS had basically similar effects on metabolic and endocrine traits in veal calves as in animals and humans with diabetes mellitus, but changes were small, albeit more prominent after lactose loads.

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Glucose and insulin metabolism in ruminating and veal calves fed high and low fat diets

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of plane of milk replacer intake and age on glucose and insulin kinetics and abomasal emptying in female Holstein Friesian dairy calves fed twice daily

Effect of plane of milk replacer intake and age on glucose and insulin kinetics and abomasal emptying in female Holstein Friesian dairy calves fed twice daily

Interaction between milk allowance and fat content of the starter feed on performance of Holstein calves

Fructo‐Oligosaccharide Supplementation: Effects on Metabolic, Endocrine and Hematological Traits in Veal Calves

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