Glucosamine substituted sulfonylureas: IRS–PI3K–PKC–AKT–GLUT4 insulin signalling pathway intriguing agent

Suaifan, Ghadeer A. R. Y.; Alkhawaja, Bayan; Shehadeh, Mayadah B.; Sharmaa, Mridula; Hor Kuan, Chan; Okechukwu, Patrick Nwabueze

doi:10.1039/d3md00647f

RSC Med. Chem.

2024

DOI: 10.1039/d3md00647f

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Glucosamine substituted sulfonylureas: IRS–PI3K–PKC–AKT–GLUT4 insulin signalling pathway intriguing agent

Ghadeer A. R. Y. Suaifan,

Bayan Alkhawaja,

Mayadah B. Shehadeh

et al.

Abstract: Normally, skeletal muscle accounts for 70–80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the postprandial hyperglycemia state.

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Molecular Aspects in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Possible Preventive and Complementary Therapies

Simon-Szabó,

Lizák,

Sturm

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The incidence of diabetes, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is increasing sharply worldwide. To reverse this, more effective approaches in prevention and treatment are needed. In our review, we sought to summarize normal insulin action and the pathways that primarily influence the development of T2DM. Normal insulin action involves mitogenic and metabolic pathways, as both are important in normal metabolic processes, regeneration, etc. However, through excess energy, both can be hyperactive or attenuated/inactive leading to disturbances in the cellular and systemic regulation with the consequence of cellular stress and systemic inflammation. In this review, we detailed the beneficial molecular changes caused by some important components of nutrition and by exercise, which act in the same molecular targets as the developed drugs, and can revert the damaged pathways. Moreover, these induce entire networks of regulatory mechanisms and proteins to restore unbalanced homeostasis, proving their effectiveness as preventive and complementary therapies. These are the main steps for success in prevention and treatment of developed diseases to rid the body of excess energy, both from stored fats and from overnutrition, while facilitating fat burning with adequate, regular exercise in healthy people, and together with necessary drug treatment as required in patients with insulin resistance and T2DM.

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Molecular Aspects in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Possible Preventive and Complementary Therapies

Simon-Szabó,

Lizák,

Sturm

et al. 2024

IJMS

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show abstract

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Glucosamine substituted sulfonylureas: IRS–PI3K–PKC–AKT–GLUT4 insulin signalling pathway intriguing agent

Abstract: Normally, skeletal muscle accounts for 70–80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the postprandial hyperglycemia state.

Cited by 1 publication

References 53 publications

Molecular Aspects in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Possible Preventive and Complementary Therapies

Molecular Aspects in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Possible Preventive and Complementary Therapies

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