Glucosamine and chondroitin use in canines for osteoarthritis: A review

Bhathal, Angel; Spryszak, Meredith; Louizos, Christopher; Frankel, Grace

doi:10.4314/ovj.v7i1.6

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In humans, arthritis has been suggested to affect a considerably relatively high ratio of the US adult population, and occur at an earlier age than formerly thought [42]. NSAIDs are the present-day gold-standard pharmaceutical cure for canines suffering OA, although NSAIDs may be the reason for gastrointestinal ulcerations as an adverse effect and are contraindicated when renal insufficiency or dehydration takes place [43]. Additional therapeutic alternatives include the corticosteroids, diacerein, along with hyaluronic acid.…”

Section: Alternative Non-surgical Treatment Approaches For Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucosamine and hyaluronic acid are naturally synthesized by the body, but can also be provided via nutrition [65]. Glucosamine and chondroitin are generally recommended by veterinarians for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs despite the lack of compelling scientific evidence showing clinical benefit [43]. Animals-administered high intravenous concentrations of glucosamine could be especially sensitive to its diabetogenic effects via an increase of the hexosamine synthesis in the insulin-sensitive tissues, which could be a causative Animals 2020, 10, 697 6 of 24 factor for the diabetes induction [56,57,66].…”

Section: Basic Add-on Therapies Besides Uc-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II) in Joint Health and Disease: A Review on the Current Knowledge of Companion Animals

Gençoğlu

Orhan

Şahin

et al. 2020

Animals

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OA is quite common in companion animals, especially in large breed dogs and horses. Collagen, the most abundant protein of mammals, has specific connective tissue types for skin, bones, reticulate, basal lamina, bones, cell surfaces, while type II collagen (UC-II) forms the main structure of cartilage tissue. Even at the smaller dosages, UC-II has also been reported to be more effective than the glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements, which are the supplements most frequently used in the market. In this review, we summarize the effects of UC-II on joint health and function in health and disease conditions in companion animals.

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Section: Alternative Non-surgical Treatment Approaches For Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Add-on Therapies Besides Uc-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II) in Joint Health and Disease: A Review on the Current Knowledge of Companion Animals

Gençoğlu

Orhan

Şahin

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease process that affects entire synovial joints 9 . The etiology of OA may include defective articular cartilage structure, inadequate cartilage biosynthesis, joint trauma, joint instability, and inflammatory mechanisms 10 . Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), the most widely prescribed medications for treatment or rescue analgesia of OA, unfortunately have a high incidence of gastric, renal, and hepatic side effects 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GlcN sulfate (“GS”) has been claimed to be superior to GlcN hydrochloride (“GH”) in some reports 13 , or to provide an oral “boost” to chondroitin sulfate synthesis. There have been conflicting claims regarding efficacy, heterogeneity, and production cost of various products 10 , 14 . The only organic component in either “GS” or “GH” is the free amino monosaccharide GlcN (C 6 H 13 NO 5 ), which should be considered the active ingredient, and may increase the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) precursor 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse osteoarthritis model of a mixture of glucosamine and chitooligosaccharides produced by bi-enzyme single-step hydrolysis

Chen

Liu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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We developed a novel technique of bi-enzyme single-step hydrolysis, using recombinant chitosanase (McChoA) and exo-β-D-glucosaminidase (AorCsxA) constructed previously in our lab, to degrade chitosan. The hydrolysis product was shown by HPLC, FTIR, and chemical analyses to be a mixture (termed “GC”) composed primarily of glucosamine (80.00%) and chitooligosaccharides (9.80%). We performed experiments with a mouse osteoarthritis (OA) model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of GC against OA. The three “GC groups” (which underwent knee joint damage followed by oral administration of GC at concentrations 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg·bw·d for 15 days) showed significantly downregulated serum expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and significant, dose-dependent enhancement of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-2, in comparison with Model group. Levels of C-reactive protein, which typically rise in response to inflammatory processes, were significantly lower in the GC groups than in Model group. Thymus index and levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) were higher in the GC groups. Knee joint swelling was relieved and typical OA symptoms were partially ameliorated in the GC-treated groups. Our findings indicate that GC has strong anti-inflammatory effects and potential as a therapeutic agent against OA and other inflammatory diseases.

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“…Clinical trials in dogs using subjective or objective outcome measures evaluating combinations of Glu/CS are limited and reveal variable clinical efficacy (10)(11)(12)(13). In addition, systematic reviews examining the use of nutraceuticals in dogs with osteoarthritis reached the conclusion that the evidence of the efficacy of nutraceuticals is poor, with the exception of diets supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids, and further studies with more objective measurements of outcome are needed (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of an oral nutraceutical for the treatment of canine osteo arthritis

Scott¹,

Evans²,

Conzemius

2017

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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SummaryObjectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of an orally administered nutraceutical (Glu/ CS+; + for additional ingredient) for the treatment of clinical osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, client-owned dogs with clinical signs of OA in one or more joints were assigned to a Glu/CS+ (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) group. Dogs were administered Glu/CS+ or placebo orally and wore an activity monitor (AM) continuously throughout a 97 day study period. Prior to the initiation of the treatment, seven days of baseline activity was collected. On days -7, 30, 60 and 90 of the study, owners completed a patient assessment form (Canine Brief Pain Inventory). Data between groups were compared. Results: No serious adverse events were reported. No difference was found between groups when evaluating daily activity counts during the seven-day pre-treatment period and the 90-day treatment period. Owner assessment (pain interference and pain severity scores) improved over the 90-day treatment period for both groups, however no difference was found between treatment groups. Conclusions: Treatment with oral Glu/CS+ for a 90 day treatment period when compared to placebo treatment did not result in a significant increase in activity counts in dogs with clinical OA. However, owner assessment scores similarly improved throughout the study period for dogs in both groups, suggesting a caregiver placebo effect in this outcome measure.

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Glucosamine and chondroitin use in canines for osteoarthritis: A review

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II) in Joint Health and Disease: A Review on the Current Knowledge of Companion Animals

Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II) in Joint Health and Disease: A Review on the Current Knowledge of Companion Animals

Anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse osteoarthritis model of a mixture of glucosamine and chitooligosaccharides produced by bi-enzyme single-step hydrolysis

Efficacy of an oral nutraceutical for the treatment of canine osteo arthritis

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