Gluconeogenesis in the Oriental Hornet Vespa Orientalis F

Ishay, Jacob S.; Ikan, R.

doi:10.2307/1933578

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Trophallactic transfer of amino acid-rich saliva (25) from larvae to adults may have been the key evolutionary invention that induced reproductively tuned females to remain at their natal nest (26). Indeed, experimental disruption of adult feeding on saliva causes social wasp colonies to fail (24,27). However, although larval saliva as an amino acid source for vitellogenesis would tie G1 individuals to the nest, the costs of foraging and nest building would constrain them from oogenesis (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bivoltinism as an Antecedent to Eusociality in the Paper Wasp Genus Polistes

Hunt

Amdam

2005

Science

160

147

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To learn the evolutionary trajectories of caste differentiation in eusocial species is a major goal of sociobiology. We present an explanatory framework for caste evolution in the eusocial wasp genus Polistes (Vespidae), which is a model system for insect eusocial evolution. We hypothesize that Polistes worker and gyne castes stem from two developmental pathways that characterized the bivoltine life cycle of a solitary ancestor. Through individual-based simulations, we show that our mechanistic framework can reproduce colony-level characteristics of Polistes and, thereby, that social castes can emerge from solitary regulatory pathways. Our explanatory framework illustrates, by specific example, a changed perspective for understanding insect social evolution.The essence of eusociality in Polistes wasps is the differentiation of female offspring into two castes: nonreproductive females that work in their natal colony and reproductive gynes that found colonies in the next nesting cycle (1). Differentiation of Polistes offspring into workers and gynes has been proposed to rely on physiological events that are triggered after adults emerge from pupation (2). A more widely held view, however, is that caste in social wasps is determined, or at least predisposed, during larval development (3). Larval nourishment is believed to play a role in caste differentiation (1,3), but the nature of this mechanism has not been determined. More importantly, no hypothesis addresses how a nutritional cue would translate into specific traits that characterize the two castes.Regulatory machineries that control sequential shifts between phases in the life cycles of solitary insects may have been co-opted during social evolution (4). From this perspective, caste evolution can be envisioned as a remodeling process that uses solitary control circuits to build social phenotypes. The regulatory layout of a presocial form would thus become the ground plan that underlies the evolutionary design of its social descendants. One such layout may be the bivoltine life cycle, an adaptation to seasonal environments that may be tropical wet/dry as well as temperate warm/cold. Bivoltine life cycles have a first generation that undergoes uninterrupted development and reproduction, followed by a second generation that enters prepupal or adult diapause, passes the unfavorable season, and reproduces the following year. (The prepupa resides inside the pupal cocoon and is a quiescent state of the last larval instar.) The biology of wasps in the vespid subfamily Eumeninae can have major explanatory implications for the evolutionary trajectories of sociality in Vespidae (5). Bivoltinism occurs

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bivoltinism as an Antecedent to Eusociality in the Paper Wasp Genus Polistes

Hunt

Amdam

2005

Science

160

147

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“…In more adverse climatic conditions, where the buffering effect of the nest structure is insufficient, some vespine wasps tend to nest below ground where there is a high insulating effect. Furthermore, vespine wasps generate metabolic heat to incubate the immature stages (Himmer 1927;Ishay et al 1967;Ishay 1973;Gibo et al 1974aGibo et al , b, 1977Makino and Yamane 1980). When the nests are overheated, wasps drop the temperature by fanning their wings or by sprinkling water on the nest (Polistes : Steiner 1932;Morimoto 1959;vespines: Himmer 1931;Ishay et al 1967;Riabinin et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, vespine wasps generate metabolic heat to incubate the immature stages (Himmer 1927;Ishay et al 1967;Ishay 1973;Gibo et al 1974aGibo et al , b, 1977Makino and Yamane 1980). When the nests are overheated, wasps drop the temperature by fanning their wings or by sprinkling water on the nest (Polistes : Steiner 1932;Morimoto 1959;vespines: Himmer 1931;Ishay et al 1967;Riabinin et al 2004). However, only a few studies have dealt with the nest thermoregulation in other groups of social Vespidae in the tropics and subtropics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel changes of temperature in the nests of two Polybia species, P. paulista and P. occidentalis (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in the subtropical climate

Hozumi

Yamane

Miyano

et al. 2005

J Ethol

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“…In the case of social wasps, thermal conditions are also improved in various ways, such as choice of nest sites (Morimoto 1953, Jeanne & Morgan 1992, heating with metabolic heat of adult wasps (Himmer 1927, Ishay et al 1967, Gibo et al 1974a, b, 1977, and cooling by fanning and sprinkling with extraneous water (Steiner 1929, Ishay et al 1967, Yamane 1971. In addition to these behavioral thermoregulations, a stable temperature is achieved by nest insulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of thermoregulatory insulation in nests of neotropical wasps by building extra-combs with empty cells

Hozumi¹,

Kudô²,

Zucchi³

2008

Neotrop. entomol.

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Neotropical Entomology 37(2): 159-166 (2008) Promoção de Isolamento Térmico em Ninhos de Vespas Neotropicais pela Construção de Favos com Células Vazias RESUMO -Examinou-se a hipótese de que os favos vazios dos ninhos de Polybia occidentalis Olivier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) atuam como isolamento térmico dos elementos internos da colônia. Para avaliar essa hipótese dois tipos de medidas de temperatura foram tomadas: 1) com o favo externo intacto (Controle) e 2) removido (Tratamento), usando um ninho grande e um ninho menor. As temperaturas diárias no ninho grande (parte externa T n1 ; parte interna T n2 ), no Controle, foram 0,6°C (T n1 ) e 1,2°C (T n2 ) mais baixas que aquelas do Tratamento, devido à temperatura ambiente (T a ) mais alta durante todo o período avaliado. Entretanto, a temperatura excedente (T n -T a ) no Controle foi mais alta que no Tratamento. O valor foi 0,7°C mais alto em T n1 e 0,1°C em T n2 . No ninho menor, a temperatura excedente na parte externa foi semelhante entre os experimentos, e na parte interna a temperatura do Controle foi inferior à do Tratamento. A fl utuação térmica nos ninhos foi menor no Controle que no Tratamento, tanto na parte externa quanto interna dos favos. Conclui-se que o favo sem uso é ecologicamente muito importante para criar ou proteger a cria das alterações extremas de temperatura ambiente no inverno, uma vez que ele auxilia na manutenção de temperatura alta no ninho e também no decréscimo da fl utuação de temperatura ao redor dos favos de cria. Além disso, essas temperaturas mais altas infl uenciam as atividades dos adultos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Polistinae, Polybia occidentalis, termoregulação, invernoABSTRACT -We examined the hypotheses that the empty combs of Polybia occidentalis Olivier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) nest insulate the inside of the nest. To examine this hypotheses, two kinds of temperature measurements were carried out: 1) with the outer comb of the nest intact (Control) and 2) removed (Treatment), using a large and a small nest. In the large nest, the daily nest temperatures (outer part, T n1 ; inner part, T n2 ) in Control were lower by 0.6°C (T n1 ) and 1.2°C (T n2 ) than those in Treatment, because of a higher ambient temperature (T a ) throughout temperature assessment in Treatment. However, the excess temperature (T n T a ) in Control was higher than that in Treatment. The value was higher by 0.7°C at T n1 and 0.1°C at T n2 . In the small nest, the excess temperature in outer part was similar between experiments, while that in inner part of Control was lower than that of Treatment. The temperature fl uctuation in the nests was lower in the Control than that in Treatment both the outer and inner part of the comb. We conclude that the unused comb is ecologically invaluable for raising and protecting the brood from extreme changes in ambient temperature during the winter period, because it helps not only keeping a higher nest temperature but also decreasing the temperature fl uctuation around the brood combs. In addition, such a high temperature ma...

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Gluconeogenesis in the Oriental Hornet Vespa Orientalis F

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Bivoltinism as an Antecedent to Eusociality in the Paper Wasp Genus Polistes

Bivoltinism as an Antecedent to Eusociality in the Paper Wasp Genus Polistes

Diel changes of temperature in the nests of two Polybia species, P. paulista and P. occidentalis (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in the subtropical climate

Promotion of thermoregulatory insulation in nests of neotropical wasps by building extra-combs with empty cells

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