Glucocorticoids: Metabolism, Growth, and Development

Schreck, Carl B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-629055-4.50019-2

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…3b). Because stress hormones promote increased lipolysis (Schreck, 1993), the hypothesized increase in basal stress hormone levels may explain lack of fat bodies in the tadpoles of S. couchii even in high water and methimazole treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary reduction of developmental plasticity in desert spadefoot toads

Kulkarni

Gómez-Mestre

Moskalik

et al. 2011

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Organisms vary their rates of growth and development in response to environmental inputs. Such developmental plasticity may be adaptive and positively correlate with environmental heterogeneity. However, the evolution of developmental plasticity among closely related taxa is not well understood. To determine the evolutionary pattern of plasticity, we compared plasticity in time to and size at metamorphosis in response to water desiccation in tadpoles among spadefoot species that differ in breeding pond and larval period durations. Like most tadpoles, spadefoot tadpoles possess the remarkable ability to accelerate development in response to pond drying to avoid desiccation. Here, we hypothesize that desert spadefoot tadpoles have evolved reduced plasticity to avoid desiccation in ephemeral desert pools compared to their nondesert relatives that breed in long‐duration ponds. We recorded time to and size at metamorphosis following experimental manipulation of water levels and found that desert‐adapted species had much less plasticity in larval period and size at metamorphosis than nondesert species, which retain the hypothetical ancestral state of plasticity. Furthermore, we observed a correlation between degree of plasticity and fat body content that may provide mechanistic insights into the evolution of developmental plasticity in amphibians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary reduction of developmental plasticity in desert spadefoot toads

Kulkarni

Gómez-Mestre

Moskalik

et al. 2011

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…Corticosterone is an extremely important hormone because it affects a multitude of physiological systems in vertebrates [e.g. reproductive physiology, immune function, cardiovascular function, metabolism (Shreck, 1993;Dhabar and McEwen, 1999;Moore and Jessop, 2002;van den Buuse et al, 2002)] and depending on the context, it may have stimulatory, inhibitory or permissive effects (Sapolsky et al, 2000). There is evidence among vertebrates that high levels of baseline corticosterone early in ontogeny can have negative effects on growth (Morici et al, 1997;Spencer et al, 2003), immune function (Morici et al, 1997), neural development (Caldjii et al, 2001) and cognitive function (Kitaysky et al, 2003;Kitaysky et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slight differences in incubation temperature affect early growth and stress endocrinology of wood duck (Aix sponsa) ducklings

DuRant

Hepp

Moore

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

120

144

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SUMMARYEarly developmental experiences, such as incubation conditions, can have important consequences for post-hatching fitness in birds. Although the effects of incubation temperature on phenotype of avian hatchlings are poorly understood, recent research suggests that subtle changes in incubation conditions can influence hatchling characteristics, including body size and condition. We designed an experiment to explore the effects of incubation temperature on hatching success, survival to 9 days post hatch, growth and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in wood ducks (Aix sponsa). Wood duck eggs were collected from nest boxes and experimentally incubated at three temperatures (35.0, 35.9 and 37.0°C), each falling within the range of temperatures of naturally incubated wood duck nests. Survival and growth were monitored in ducklings fed ad libitum for 9 days post hatch. In addition, baseline and stress-induced plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured in 2 and 9 day old ducklings. Hatching success and survival to 9 days was greatest in ducks incubated at the intermediate temperature. Ducklings incubated at 35.9°C and 37.0°C had 43% higher growth rates than ducklings incubated at 35.0°C. In addition, ducklings incubated at 35.0°C had higher baseline (17-50%) and stress-induced (32-84%) corticosterone concentrations than ducklings incubated at 35.9°C and 37.0°C at 2 and 9 days post hatch. We also found a significant negative correlation between body size and plasma corticosterone concentrations (baseline and stress-induced) in 9 day old ducklings. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that thermal conditions experienced during embryonic development can influence the HPA axis of young birds. Our results illustrate that subtle changes (<1.0°C) in the incubation environment can have important consequences for physiological traits important to fitness.

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“…In the studies in which it has been tested (e.g. Kelley et al 1992, 1993, Siharath et al 1995, elevated levels of the 40 kDa IGFBP are correlated with significantly enhanced anabolism (e.g. cartilage 35 S-proteoglycan synthetic rate).…”

Section: Igfbps Under Catabolic Circumstances: Do They Serve As Markementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammals, the IGFBP-1 gene possesses glucocorticoid-regulated elements, and the steroid can potently increase IGFBP-1 levels (see Lee et al 1997). Therefore, it is evident that human handling induces significant physiological stress responses in these fish (see also Schreck 1993, Pankhurst & van der Kraak 1997, including alteration of an IGFBP(s) with potential to exert negative impacts on growth and other anabolic processes. This has led to the suggestion that blood plasma measurements of this IGFBP, which require only a few microliters of serum, may serve as an informative biomarker of catabolic growth inhibition in fishes (Kelley et al 2001).…”

Section: Igfbps Under Catabolic Circumstances: Do They Serve As Markementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative endocrinology of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein

Kelley¹,

Schmidt²,

Berg³

et al. 2002

Journal of Endocrinology

104

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Emerging early in chordate evolution, the IGF-regulatory axis diverged from an insulin-like predecessor into a vertebrate regulatory system specializing in cell growth activation and allied anabolic functions. Essential to the divergence of the IGF and insulin systems was an early presence of soluble IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which bind IGF peptides at much higher affinity than that of the insulin receptor but at comparable affinities to that of the IGF receptor. IGFBPs have no homology with IGF receptors. Instead, IGFBPs are a derived group of proteins within a superfamily of cysteine-rich growth factors, whose members are found throughout the animal taxa. While blocking IGF actions through the insulin receptor is a fundamental role, IGFBPs evolved within the vertebrate line into centralized, 'integrators' of the endocrine growth-regulatory apparatus. IGFBPs have substantial influences on the distribution and bioavailability of IGF peptides in the cellular and physiological environments, but they have a variety of other properties. The six principal mammalian IGFBPs exhibit an array of specialized properties that appear to be derived from a complex evolutionary history (including cell membrane association, interaction with proteins that post-translationally modify them, direct IGF-independent effects on cells, and others) and they are regulated by a diversity of 'outside' factors (e.g. other hormones, metabolic status, stress). Thus, IGFBPs are multifunctional integrators having diverse physiological 'agendas'. Much less is known about IGFBPs and their properties in the other vertebrate taxa. Increasingly, however, it is being recognized that they play equally important endocrine roles, in both conserved and non-conserved ways, when compared with those currently defined in mammals. This review highlights selected 'comparative aspects' in current IGFBP research, in an attempt to view this essential group of endocrine regulators from a wider, biological perspective.

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Glucocorticoids: Metabolism, Growth, and Development

Cited by 23 publications

References 159 publications

Evolutionary reduction of developmental plasticity in desert spadefoot toads

Evolutionary reduction of developmental plasticity in desert spadefoot toads

Slight differences in incubation temperature affect early growth and stress endocrinology of wood duck (Aix sponsa) ducklings

Comparative endocrinology of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein

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