Glucocorticoid use as a cause of non-cellular immune response to SARS-Cov2 Spike in patients with immune system diseases

Effect of traditional therapeutics on prevalence and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in Chinese patients with autoimmune diseases

“…Similarly, in Korean patients with AID receiving a high dose of systemic GCs also showed an increased risk of positive COVID-19 RNA, severe COVID-19, COVID-19-related death, while patients receiving DMARDs did not exhibit any increased risk of these outcomes [ 14 ]. Yves el al found GCs usage were one of the main factors associated with non-response to COVID-19 immunization in immune system disease patients [ 15 ]. Other studies had shown extensive use of corticosteroids and tocilizumab resulted in good overall outcome and showed acceptable complication rates [ 16 ].…”

Impact of COVID-19 and vaccination campaign on 1,755 systemic sclerosis patients during first three years of pandemic. Possible risks for individuals with impaired immunoreactivity to vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, and disease-related lung involvement during the next pandemic phase

“…Probably most important, the initial period of good compliance towards COVID-19 vaccines, during which the majority of scleroderma patients have taken the first three doses, was followed by lower adherence to the vaccination campaign either by the general population and by the patients themselves. To date, just over a third of patients received the fourth dose of vaccine; this finding in combination with the impaired immunoreactivity to vaccines [ 19 , 20 , [22] , [23] , [24] ], could be responsible for the overall toll of vaccination campaign in SSc patients. The resulting scenario, especially in the last 6–12 months of pandemic, was most likely characterized by an increasing number of patients with a peculiar combination of some adverse factors, namely SSc multiple organ involvement, mainly ILD, ongoing immune suppressor treatments, and impaired humoral/cellular anti-COVID-19 response, all in the context of weakened pandemic containment measures.…”

Glucocorticoids selectively affect the memory T cell response to SARS-Cov2 spike in vaccinated and post-infected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

“…Vaccinated (n = 64) and infected (n = 51) control groups comprised staff members from the medical laboratory of the University Hospital of Toulouse (CHU de Toulouse, Occitania, France), blood bank donors (EFS Toulouse, Occitania, France), and non-autoimmune patients recruited for COVID-19 infection follow-up at the Internal Medicine Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse. Some of them were described previously [ 16 ].…”