Glucocorticoid and androgen signaling pathways diverge between advertisement calling and non-calling fish

Genova, Rachel M.; Marchaterre, Margaret A.; Knapp, Rosemary; Fergus, Daniel J.; Bass, Andrew H.

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.07.010

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We wanted to link hum recordings to a large sample of individually identified fish. For type I males (N=29) collected from nest sites in northern California and held in captivity at the Bodega Marine Laboratory (see Genova et al, 2012), we found a strong positive relationship between F 0 and temperature (linear regression, R 2 =0.9748, F 1,27 =1045.607, P<0.001; data not shown). For this same population, F 0 showed a negative relationship with body size (R 2 =0.29042).…”

Section: Humsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…and A.H.B. ) recorded the hums of type I males collected from nest sites in northern California and held at the Bodega Marine Laboratory under semi-natural conditions (see Genova et al, 2012). Individual males were the sole occupants of artificial nests, and were immediately collected following sound recordings and verified as the type I morph based on gonad and swim bladder morphology following euthansia [see Bass for review of morphological criteria (Bass, 1996)].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species has two male reproductive morphs known as type I and type II males that are distinguished by a large suite of behavioral, somatic, neural and endocrine characters (Bass, 1996). Our prior studies of the nesting and reproductive behavior of midshipman fish held in captivity show that type I males build and defend nests, acoustically court females with hums, and produce grunts and growls in agonistic contexts Brantley and Bass, 1994;Genova et al, 2012). Type II males follow a sneak and satellite spawning tactic and, like females, are only known to produce isolated grunts that have a very low amplitude compared with type I male sounds (Brantley and Bass, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel underwater soundscape: acoustic repertoire of plainfin midshipman fish

McIver

Marchaterre

Rice

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Toadfishes are among the best-known groups of sound-producing (vocal) fishes and include species commonly known as toadfish and midshipman. Although midshipman have been the subject of extensive investigation of the neural mechanisms of vocalization, this is the first comprehensive, quantitative analysis of the spectrotemporal characters of their acoustic signals and one of the few for fishes in general. Field recordings of territorial, nest-guarding male midshipman during the breeding season identified a diverse vocal repertoire composed of three basic sound types that varied widely in duration, harmonic structure and degree of amplitude modulation (AM): 'hum', 'grunt' and 'growl'. Hum duration varied nearly 1000-fold, lasting for minutes at a time, with stable harmonic stacks and little envelope modulation throughout the sound. By contrast, grunts were brief, ~30-140 ms, broadband signals produced both in isolation and repetitively as a train of up to 200 at intervals of ~0.5-1.0 s. Growls were also produced alone or repetitively, but at variable intervals of the order of seconds with durations between those of grunts and hums, ranging 60-fold from ~200 ms to 12 s. Growls exhibited prominent harmonics with sudden shifts in pulse repetition rate and highly variable AM patterns, unlike the nearly constant AM of grunt trains and flat envelope of hums. Behavioral and neurophysiological studies support the hypothesis that each sound type's unique acoustic signature contributes to signal recognition mechanisms. Nocturnal production of these sounds against a background chorus dominated constantly for hours by a single sound type, the multiharmonic hum, reveals a novel underwater soundscape for fish.

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Section: Humsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel underwater soundscape: acoustic repertoire of plainfin midshipman fish

McIver

Marchaterre

Rice

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…This may be due to elevated ARβ expression in non-POA regions in the anterior brain. Similarly to D male A. burtoni, D male plainfin midshipman also have elevated circulating levels of 11-ketotestosterone and express higher levels of ARα mRNA in vocal muscles compared with ND males (Genova et al, 2012). Our data combined with previous work showing that the higher levels of testosterone were coupled with the increased affinity for testosterone by ARα and increased ARα expression in the POA suggest it may be the key androgen receptor associated with maintenance of GnRH1 neuron size and elevated androgen levels in D males (Fig.…”

Section: Androgen Receptor Arα and Arβ Expression In The Poamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…regions tested. Moreover, when GR mRNA levels were measured in the vocal muscles, Genova et al (Genova et al, 2012) found increased GR mRNA in non-singing males. Modulation of teleost GR1b expression may provide an explanation for the survival of ND males and modulation of their neurons, especially in brain nuclei that are critical for the behavioral and physiological plasticity exhibited in male A. burtoni.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Social regulation of cortisol receptor gene expression

Korzan

Grone

Fernald

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In many social species, individuals influence the reproductive capacity of conspecifics. In a well-studied African cichlid fish species, Astatotilapia burtoni, males are either dominant (D) and reproductively competent or non-dominant (ND) and reproductively suppressed as evidenced by reduced gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH1) release, regressed gonads, lower levels of androgens and elevated levels of cortisol. Here, we asked whether androgen and cortisol levels might regulate this reproductive suppression. Astatotilapia burtoni has four glucocorticoid receptors (GR1a, GR1b, GR2 and MR), encoded by three genes, and two androgen receptors (ARα and ARβ), encoded by two genes. We previously showed that ARα and ARβ are expressed in GnRH1 neurons in the preoptic area (POA), which regulates reproduction, and that the mRNA levels of these receptors are regulated by social status. Here, we show that GR1, GR2 and MR mRNAs are also expressed in GnRH1 neurons in the POA, revealing potential mechanisms for both androgens and cortisol to influence reproductive capacity. We measured AR, MR and GR mRNA expression levels in a microdissected region of the POA containing GnRH1 neurons, comparing D and ND males. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), we found D males had higher mRNA levels of ARα, MR, total GR1a and GR2 in the POA compared with ND males. In contrast, ND males had significantly higher levels of GR1b mRNA, a receptor subtype with a reduced transcriptional response to cortisol. Through this novel regulation of receptor type, neurons in the POA of an ND male will be less affected by the higher levels of cortisol typical of low status, suggesting GR receptor type change as a potential adaptive mechanism to mediate high cortisol levels during social suppression. KEY WORDS: Cichlid, Glucocorticoid receptors, Social stress, Androgen receptors INTRODUCTIONSocial status hierarchies are a ubiquitous organizing principle of social systems in many animal species from ants (Wilson, 2000) to primates (Cheney and Seyfarth, 1990), including humans (Chiao et al., 2009). Such hierarchies typically regulate access to resources including territories, food and/or mates, granting individuals of high status access to these resources and requiring those of low status to find alternative solutions to survive. In many species, the reproductive capacity of low status individuals is reduced and mating is not possible because of behavioral and physiological changes (e.g. Willisch et al., 2012). Typically, aggressive encounters establish and maintain social rank, which, in turn, produces significant differences in reproductive capacity. In such social systems, levels of stress and reproductive hormones directly reflect the social rank of individuals and may play a causal role in behavioral and physiological changes. RESEARCH ARTICLEThe relationship between social dominance and reproductive physiology has been well studied in an African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni (Günther 1894), in which status regulates both reproductive access and...

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Localization and divergent profiles of estrogen receptors and aromatase in the vocal and auditory networks of a fish with alternative mating tactics

Fergus

Bass

2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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Estrogens play a salient role in the development and maintenance of both male and female nervous systems and behaviors. The plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), a teleost fish, has two male reproductive morphs that follow alternative mating tactics and diverge in multiple somatic, hormonal and neural traits, including the central control of morph-specific vocal behaviors. After we identified duplicate estrogen receptors (ERβ1 and ERβ2) in midshipman, we developed antibodies to localize protein expression in the central vocal-acoustic networks and saccule, the auditory division of the inner ear. As in other teleost species, ERβ1 and ERβ2 were robustly expressed in the telencephalon and hypothalamus in vocal-acoustic and other brain regions shown previously to exhibit strong expression of ERα and aromatase (estrogen synthetase, CYP19) in midshipman. Like aromatase, ERβ1 label co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in telencephalic radial glial cells. Quantitative PCR revealed similar patterns of transcript abundance across reproductive morphs for ERβ1, ERβ2, ERα and aromatase in the forebrain and saccule. In contrast, transcript abundance for ERs and aromatase varied significantly between morphs in and around the sexually polymorphic vocal motor nucleus (VMN). Together, the results suggest that VMN is the major estrogen target within the estrogen-sensitive hindbrain vocal network that directly determines the duration, frequency and amplitude of morph-specific vocalizations. Comparable regional differences in steroid receptor abundances likely regulate morph-specific behaviors in males and females of other species exhibiting alternative reproductive tactics.

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Glucocorticoid and androgen signaling pathways diverge between advertisement calling and non-calling fish

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Novel underwater soundscape: acoustic repertoire of plainfin midshipman fish

Novel underwater soundscape: acoustic repertoire of plainfin midshipman fish

Social regulation of cortisol receptor gene expression

Localization and divergent profiles of estrogen receptors and aromatase in the vocal and auditory networks of a fish with alternative mating tactics

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