Glucoamylase Activity in Infants and Children: Normal Values and Relationship to Symptoms and Histological Findings

Lee, P. C.; Werlin, Steven L.; Trost, Beth A.; Struve, Mark

doi:10.1097/00005176-200408000-00007

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There are two facts that contradict the old belief that infants are not able to digest starch. Firstly, other enzymes such as glucoamylase–maltase and salivary α-amylase make up for the physiological lower activity of pancreatic α-amylase [155,156,157,158]. Secondly, infants have a higher capacity to ferment the non-digested starch (resistant starch) that reaches the colon, which is also called energy salvage, compared to adults [159,160].…”

Section: Challenges and Future Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Cereals: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities for Whole Grains

et al. 2019

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Infant cereals play an important role in the complementary feeding period. The aim of this study was to review existing research about the quantity, type, and degree of infant cereal processing, with a special focus on whole grain infant cereals. Accumulating evidence shows many benefits of whole grain consumption for human health. Likewise, consumers are frequently linking the term whole grains to healthiness and naturality, and sustainable food production becomes a more important aspect when choosing an infant cereal brand. Whole grain cereals should be consumed as early as possible, i.e., during infancy. However, there are several challenges that food manufacturers are facing that need to be addressed. Recommendations are needed for the intake of whole grain cereals for infants and young children, including product-labeling guidelines for whole grain foods targeting these age stages. Another challenge is minimizing the higher contaminant content in whole grains, as well as those formed during processing. Yet, the greatest challenge may be to drive consumers’ acceptance, including taste. The complementary feeding period is absolutely key in shaping the infant’s food preferences and habits; therefore, it is the appropriate stage in life at which to introduce whole grain cereals for the acceptance of whole grains across the entire lifespan.

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Section: Challenges and Future Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Cereals: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities for Whole Grains

et al. 2019

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“…Small intestinal mucosal maltaseglucoamylase, however, is capable of hydrolyzing the nonreducing terminal a-1,4 glucose bonds of nonbranched starches, but is most active against short-chain polymers (<10 glucose units) (31)(32)(33). Limited data suggest that young infants appear to have measurable maltase-glucoamylase activity (34)(35)(36). The digestibility of glucose polymers was measured in 1-month-old infants (n ¼ 12) who were fed 13 C-enriched glucose polymers (degree of polymerization [DP] ¼ 3-8 and average DP ¼ 43) (37).…”

Section: What Is Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch Malabsorption in Infants

Shulman

2018

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Based on the developmental physiology of pancreatic amylase production, starch digestion in young infants was anticipated to be compromised whenever compared with that in older infants and toddlers. This appears to be the case, but with great variability among infants to digest starch. Evidence points to the importance of maltase-glucoamylase in young infants and its effect on starch digestion. These observations have critical importance for recommendations regarding the feeding of starch-containing foods to young infants.

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“…Therefore, although pancreatic amylase is absent in newborn babies, they can digest a reasonable amount of starch because glucoamylase becomes an alternate enzyme for starch digestion in infants (Lebenthal and Lee, 1980b). Lee, Werlin, Trost, and Struve (2004) examined the activity of enzymes responsible for carbohydrate hydrolysis in 214 subjects aged from 1 month to 20 years including 11 infants and observed no significant difference with age in the activity of these enzymes.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on in vitro digestion of infant formula

Nguyen

Bhandari

Cichero

et al. 2015

Food Research International

102

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Although mothers' milk is the best food for babies, infant formula has become an alternative when breastfeeding is not possible or inadequate for babies. To design a proper formula for babies, understanding digestibility of macronutrients and their bio-accessibility in the gastrointestinal tract is essential. In vivo gastrointestinal studies on human infants are restricted by ethical constraint, cost issues, and intensive resource. However, in vitro models offer many advantages with low cost, easy sampling accessibility and no ethical issues. This article aims at reviewing the main aspects of the infant physiological gastrointestinal tract and providing an insight on recent in vitro research on infant formula.

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Glucoamylase Activity in Infants and Children: Normal Values and Relationship to Symptoms and Histological Findings

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Infant Cereals: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities for Whole Grains

Infant Cereals: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities for Whole Grains

Starch Malabsorption in Infants

A comprehensive review on in vitro digestion of infant formula

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