Glucans and the Poultry Immune System

Jacob, J. P.; Pescatore, A. J.

doi:10.3844/ajisp.2017.45.49

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although, Zhang et al [22] study showed that there were no differences in RBC, WBC, lymphocyte in broilers fed β-glucan, Petravić-Tomenac et al [23] and Jacob and Pescatore [6] reported that an activation of WBCs such as macrophages, granulocytes and monocytes was observed in chickens fed β-glucan; In the present study, WBCs and lymphocyte also increased with 1,3-1,6 β-glucan in diet. These cells are responsible for defense against infection and support the repair of damaged tissues in the body.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

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Effects of dietary yeast beta-1,3-1,6-glucan on growth performance, intestinal morphology and chosen immunity parameters changes in Haidong chicks

Ding

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2019

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Objective This study investigated the effects of 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan added to the diet of Haidong chicks reared under hypoxic conditions, to ascertain the growth performances, immunity and intestinal morphology changes. Methods A total of 750 chicks were divided into five groups and fed diets containing 0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan from yeast (G1, G2, G3, respectively), 0.2 g/kg Taylor rhizomorph and a control feed. Results The body weight and body weight gain were higher in chicks fed 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan and Taylor rhizomorph than in control group. Feed conversion ratio significantly differed for G2 and G3 groups in comparison to control group. The relative weight of bursa was higher in G1, G2, and G3 groups. The white blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly increased in groups fed 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan. The immunoglobulin G of serum peak appeared in the G3 group. The villous height of the duodenum was higher in 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan feed groups. In the jejunum, the villous height was higher in G2 and G3 groups and crypt depth for all the groups fed β-glucan. At ileum level the villous height and crypt depth was higher for groups G1, G2, and G3. Conclusion The growth performance of Haidong chicks is improved when 10 and 20 g/kg 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan is included in the diet; hence, it is suggested that 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan be included in poultry diet to reduce and replace the use of antibiotics.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…β-Glucans have drawn ever-increasing attention thanks to their innate immune system immunomodulatory properties [6]. The 1,3-1,6 β-glucan present in YCW should be recognized as an immune modulator substance in animals and humans [7]; thus, dietary YCW might exert some benefits on the immune system of intestinal mucosa [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary yeast beta-1,3-1,6-glucan on growth performance, intestinal morphology and chosen immunity parameters changes in Haidong chicks

Ding

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2019

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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“…Protecting animal companions from maladies is an improvement to the overall public health of society, both by reducing health care costs for animals and by decreasing the incidence of zoonotic disease transmission as is the case with rabies (67). The use of such public health measures could also serve as an alternative to antibiotic use to protect production animals against infectious diseases (68, 69). Furthermore, vaccines that can provide early and broad protection via trained immunity would greatly benefit the agricultural industry, where for instance many chicks, piglets and calves are lost each year due to the inefficacy of many vaccines in very early life.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Illustrated Through the BCG Example: From Observations to Demonstrations

et al. 2018

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Epidemiological studies regarding many successful vaccines suggest that vaccination may lead to a reduction in child mortality and morbidity worldwide, on a grander scale than is attributable to protection against the specific target diseases of these vaccines. These non-specific effects (NSEs) of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, for instance, implicate adaptive and innate immune mechanisms, with recent evidence suggesting that trained immunity might be a key instrument at play. Collectively referring to the memory-like characteristics of innate immune cells, trained immunity stems from epigenetic reprogramming that these innate immune cells undergo following exposure to a primary stimulus like BCG. The epigenetic changes subsequently regulate cytokine production and cell metabolism and in turn, epigenetic changes are regulated by these effects. Novel -omics technologies, combined with in vitro models for trained immunity and other immunological techniques, identify the biological pathways within innate cells that enable training by BCG. Future research should aim to identify biomarkers for vaccine heterologous effects, such that they can be applied to epidemiological studies. Linking biological mechanisms to the reduction in all-cause mortality observed in epidemiological studies will strengthen the evidence in favor of vaccine NSEs. The universal acceptance of these NSEs would demand a re-evaluation of current vaccination policies, such as the childhood vaccination recommendations by the World Health Organization, in order to produce the maximum impact on childhood mortality.

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“…Proinflammation cytokines (TNF-α, interferon gamma, and IL-1) are the basic proteins of immunity and have been considered as endogenous signal molecules that mediate the cellular defense system against inflammatory response induced by high ambient temperature ( Hietbrink et al., 2006 ). Meanwhile, IL-1, interferon gamma, and TNF-α may serve as signals to enhance the immune response, including activating cytotoxic macrophages, T-helper and natural killer cells, as well as promotion T cell proliferation and differentiation ( Jacob and Pescatore., 2017 ). In agreement with our results, the increased levels of proinflammation cytokines of heat-exposed birds have been documented by previous works ( Chang, 1993 ; Camus et al., 1998 ; Ostrowski et al., 1998 ; Moldoveanu et al., 2000 ; Suzuki K., 2000 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary β-1,3-glucan supplementation and heat stress on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, organ weight, ileum microbiota, and immunity in broilers

Zhang

Ou²,

Luo³

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary β-1,3-glucan supplementation and heat stress ( HS ) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, organ weight, ileum microbiota, and immunity in broiler. A total of 1,440 1-day-old Ross 308 male chicks with an average initial BW of 43.06 ± 1.94 g were sorted into 6 (2 × 3) treatments, 14 replications per treatment. This trail included 2 factors: the dosage of β-1,3-glucan (0, 100 g/T, and 200 g/T) and feeding condition (HS and normal). During the whole trial, significant impacts were observed in BW gain, feed intake，feed conversion rate, and the digestibility of DM and energy between normal treatments and HS treatments ( P < 0.05). From day 21 to 35, HS-challenged birds fed the diet with 200 g/T β-1,3-glucan had a lower feed conversion rate than those fed the diet with 0 or 100 g/T β-1,3-glucan ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the HS-exposed birds that fed the diet with β-1,3-glucan indicated a greater energy digestibility than those fed the nontreatment diet ( P < 0.05). Besides, β-1,3-glucan supplementation could elevate meat pH of all birds and decrease cooking loss significantly of HS-exposed birds ( P < 0.05). The HS birds fed the β-1,3-glucan diet obtained a reduced amount of Escherichia coli in the ileum than those fed the nontreatment diet ( P < 0.05). Besides, β-1,3-glucan supplementation lowered the level of tumor necrosis factor-α in HS-exposed birds significantly ( P < 0.05). These results indicated 100 and 200 g/T β-1,3-glucan supplementation, under HS condition or not, can increase growth performance without a negative response on immunity. Under HS condition, the addition of β-1,3-glucan at dosage from 100 to 200 g/T in the diet can increase energy digestibility, decrease cooking loss, reduce E. coli mount in the ileum, and the tumor necrosis factor-α concentration.

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Glucans and the Poultry Immune System

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of dietary yeast beta-1,3-1,6-glucan on growth performance, intestinal morphology and chosen immunity parameters changes in Haidong chicks

Effects of dietary yeast beta-1,3-1,6-glucan on growth performance, intestinal morphology and chosen immunity parameters changes in Haidong chicks

Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Illustrated Through the BCG Example: From Observations to Demonstrations

Effect of dietary β-1,3-glucan supplementation and heat stress on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, organ weight, ileum microbiota, and immunity in broilers

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