Glucagon‐like peptide‐2: A potential role in equine insulin dysregulation

Laat, Melody A. de; Fitzgerald, Danielle M.; Sillence, Martin N.; Spence, Robert

doi:10.1111/evj.12825

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Glucagon‐Like Peptide 2 is a further incretin with no direct effect on insulin secretion, although it increases glucose bioavailability via gastrointestinal effects. Its role in EMS is also unclear …”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome

Durham¹,

Frank

McGowan

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

172

227

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Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a widely recognized collection of risk factors for endocrinopathic laminitis. The most important of these risk factors is insulin dysregulation (ID). Clinicians and horse owners must recognize the presence of these risk factors so that they can be targeted and controlled to reduce the risk of laminitis attacks. Diagnosis of EMS is based partly on the horse's history and clinical examination findings, and partly on laboratory testing. Several choices of test exist which examine different facets of ID and other related metabolic disturbances. EMS is controlled mainly by dietary strategies and exercise programs that aim to improve insulin regulation and decrease obesity where present. In some cases, pharmacologic aids might be useful. Management of an EMS case is a long‐term strategy requiring diligence and discipline by the horse's carer and support and guidance from their veterinarians.

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of the diagnostic usefulness of plasma incretin concentrations thus far have not offered adequate support for their employment as markers for ID and EMS, although some encouraging findings are reported for active GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 …”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome

Durham¹,

Frank

McGowan

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

172

227

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“…An additional negative control containing pancreas cDNA was included to test for non-specific products. The PCR conditions were optimised using MyTaq HS Red (Bioline, Alexandria, NSW, Australia) in a touchdown PCR protocol described previously [23]. Briefly, reactions (25 μL) comprised 150 ng cDNA, 5 μL 5x MyTaq Reaction Buffer, 0.8 pM/μL each of the forward and reverse primers and 16 μL deionised water (dH2O).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the equine epidermal growth factor system during hyperinsulinemic laminitis

et al. 2019

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Equine laminitis is a disease of the digital epidermal lamellae typified by epidermal cell proliferation and structural collapse. Most commonly the disease is caused by hyperinsulinemia, although the pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Insulin can activate the epidermal growth factor (EGF) system in other species and the present study tested the hypothesis that upregulation of EGF receptor (EGFR) signalling is a key factor in laminitis pathophysiology. First, we examined lamellar tissue from healthy Standardbred horses and those with induced hyperinsulinemia and laminitis for EGFR distribution and quantity using immunostaining and gene expression, respectively. Phosphorylation of EGFR was also quantified. Next, plasma EGF concentrations were compared in healthy and insulin-infused horses, and in healthy and insulin-dysregulated ponies before and after feeding. The EGFR were localised to the secondary epidermal lamellae, with stronger staining in parabasal, rather than basal, cells. No change in EGFR gene expression occurred with laminitis, although the receptor showed some phosphorylation. No difference was seen in EGF concentrations in horses, but in insulin-dysregulated ponies mean, post-prandial EGF concentrations were almost three times higher than in healthy ponies (274 ± 90 vs. 97.4 ± 20.9 pg/mL, P = 0.05). Although the EGFR does not appear to play a major pathogenic role in hyperinsulinemic laminitis, the significance of increased EGF in insulin-dysregulated ponies deserves further investigation.

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“…Whilst insulin remains the primary focus for diagnostic testing for ID, the group agreed that future diagnostic testing for ID should evaluate the enteroinsular axis as well as insulin resistance to fully evaluate insulin dysregulation 1,3,9 . New research was presented on different ways to assess the enteroinsular axis, including starch sources instead of sugars and will be an area for future research.…”

Section: What Consensus Was Reached Where Is It Lacking and Where Armentioning

confidence: 99%