Glucagon increases hepatic mRNA concentrations of ureagenic and gluconeogenic enzymes in early-lactation dairy cows

Bobe, Gerd; Velez, J.C.; Beitz, Donald C.; Donkin, Shawn S.

doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2152

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, PCK1 mRNA expression has increased as DM intake (Greenfield et al, 2000) and ruminal propionate (Karcher et al, 2007) increased in dairy cow in early lactation. However, similar to our results, and in agreement with the negative correlation between plasma insulin and PCK1 mRNA reported here, others (She et al, 1999;Bobe et al, 2009) have observed a decreased expression of this transcript in dairy cows with greater glucose and insulin, and lower glucagon concentrations. On the other hand, while we did not detect differences in hepatic PC mRNA due to cattle supplementation, it has been reported that its expression increased in early-lactation dairy cows linked to reduced insulin-to-glucagon ratio (Greenfield et al, 2000;Bobe et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…However, similar to our results, and in agreement with the negative correlation between plasma insulin and PCK1 mRNA reported here, others (She et al, 1999;Bobe et al, 2009) have observed a decreased expression of this transcript in dairy cows with greater glucose and insulin, and lower glucagon concentrations. On the other hand, while we did not detect differences in hepatic PC mRNA due to cattle supplementation, it has been reported that its expression increased in early-lactation dairy cows linked to reduced insulin-to-glucagon ratio (Greenfield et al, 2000;Bobe et al, 2009). These contrasting results on the expression of PCK1 and PC mRNA in the liver could be the result of the animal model (dairy cows vs. beef heifers) used as well as animal energy balance (negative vs. positive) and physiological function (milk production vs. tissue deposition).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Effect of sorghum grain supplementation on glucose metabolism in cattle and sheep fed temperate pasture

Aguerre

Carriquiry

Astessiano

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sorghum grain supplementation on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations, and hepatic mRNA concentrations of insulin receptor (INSR), pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) mRNA and their association with nutrient intake, digestion and rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) in cattle and sheep fed a fresh temperate pasture. Twelve Hereford × Aberdeen Angus heifers and 12 Corriedale × Milchschaf wethers in positive energy balance were assigned within each species to one of two treatments (n = 6 per treatment within specie): non-supplemented or supplemented with sorghum grain at 15 g/kg of their body weight (BW). Supplemented cattle had greater plasma glucose concentrations, decreased plasma glucagon concentrations and tended to have greater plasma insulin and insulin-to-glucagon ratio than non-supplemented ones. Hepatic expression of INSR and PC mRNA did not differ between treatments but PCK1 mRNA was less in supplemented than non-supplemented cattle. Supplemented sheep tended to have greater plasma glucagon concentrations than non-supplemented ones. Plasma glucose, insulin, insulin-to-glucagon ratio, and hepatic expression of INSR and PC mRNA did not differ between treatments, but PCK1 mRNA was less in supplemented than non-supplemented sheep. The inclusion of sorghum grain in the diet decreased PCK1 mRNA but did not affect PC mRNA in both species; these effects were associated with changes in glucose and endocrine profiles in cattle but not in sheep. Results would suggest that sorghum grain supplementation of animals in positive energy balance (cattle and sheep) fed a fresh temperate pasture would modify hepatic metabolism to prioritize the use of propionate as a gluconeogenic precursor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effect of sorghum grain supplementation on glucose metabolism in cattle and sheep fed temperate pasture

Aguerre

Carriquiry

Astessiano

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Postpartum ESB supplementation elevated (P < 0.05) glucagon concentration for LED cows throughout the first 8 wk of lactation and for MED cows at 14 d relative to parturition (Table 4; Figure 1). Glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis and increases the mRNA expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in liver of early lactating cows (Bobe et al, 2009), and it is used to prevent or treat fatty liver disease in dairy cattle (Bobe et al, 2003;Nafikov et al, 2006). The increased glucagon concentration in cows receiving the TRT diet indicated an improved gluconeogenic status and may be related to the increased production of milk and lactose.…”

Section: Dmi Bsc and Ebmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of energy density in close-up diets and postpartum supplementation of extruded full-fat soybean on lactation performance and metabolic and hormonal status of dairy cows

Zhang¹,

Su²,

Wang

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of energy density (ED) in the close-up period and supplementation of extruded full-fat soybean (ESB) during the first 4 wk after parturition on intake, body weight (BW), metabolic status, and performance of dairy cows. Fifty-seven Chinese Holstein cows with similar parity, previous 305-d milk yield, and expected calving date were dried off at -60 d relative to parturition and fed the standard herd dry-cow diet until -21 d relative to parturition. Energy density at low (LED, 1.25 Mcal/kg), medium (MED, 1.41 Mcal/kg) or high (HED, 1.55 Mcal/kg) levels of the close-up diets and postpartum supplementation of ESB at 0 kg/d (control, CON) or 1.5 kg/d (TRT) were used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. All cows received the same CON diet from wk 5 to wk 8. As ED increased in the close-up diet, cows had higher dry matter intake and gained more BW and body condition score, and consequently were in improved energy balance status during the prepartum period, but lost more BW and more body condition score during the first 8 wk of lactation. Compared with LED cows, HED cows had higher blood concentrations of insulin and glucose, and lower nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) prepartum, but had lower insulin concentration, higher leptin concentration and tended to have higher NEFA concentration postpartum. Milk production was not affected by the prepartum ED, although HED cows produced approximately 2 kg/d less milk than MED and LED cows during early lactation. Postpartum ESB supplementation elevated blood glucagon concentration regardless of prepartum ED during the first 4 wk of lactation. Interactive effects between prepartum ED and postpartum ESB supplementation were observed in blood concentrations of insulin, NEFA, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and globulin. During early lactation, TRT decreased globulin concentrations in MED cows, and reduced NEFA and bilirubin concentrations in HED cows. Compared with CON, TRT cows had higher yields of milk (34.32 vs. 36.53 kg/d), milk lactose (1.63 vs. 1.74 kg/d), and solids-nonfat (2.98 vs. 3.18 kg/d), tended to have a greater yield of milk protein (1.11 vs. 1.17 kg/d), but tended to have lower milk fat percentage (4.18 vs. 3.94%) during the first 4 wk of lactation. In conclusion, compared with feeding the HED diet, feeding the LED diet during the close-up dry period had positive carryover effects on metabolism and production during early lactation, and the MED diet showed no advantage over the LED diet. Extruded full-fat soybean supplementation during the first 4 wk of lactation had positive effects on postpartum metabolic status, especially for those receiving the MED or HED diet prepartum, and resulted in an overall improved milk production during early lactation.

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“…Arginine is used to assess beta cell function but also increases glucagon secretion (35) whereas the branch-chained amino acids (BCAAs); leucine, isoleucine, and valine, to our knowledge have not been reported to stimulate glucagon secretion (17,33,52), with the exception of a single study in which a 20 min valine and leucine stimulation increased glucagon secretion in the perfused rat pancreas (3). By acting on its hepatic seven transmembrane receptor, the glucagon receptor (Gcgr), glucagon increases the hepatic uptake and metabolism of amino acids (5,22,24,25,28,45,47,49,56,63). In line with this, pathologically increased plasma concentrations of glucagon (e.g.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alanine, arginine, and proline but not glutamine are the feed-back regulators in the liver-alpha cell axis in mice

Galsgaard

Jepsen

Kjeldsen

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Aim:To identify the amino acids that stimulate glucagon secretion in mice and whether the metabolism of these relies on glucagon receptor signaling.Methods: Pancreata of female C57BL/6JRj mice were perfused with 19 individual amino acids (1 mM) and secretion of glucagon was assessed using a specific glucagon radioimmunoassay. Separately, a glucagon receptor antagonist (GRA; 25-2648, 100 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to female C57BL/6JRj mice three hours prior to an intraperitoneal injection of four different isomolar (in total 7 µmol/g body weight) amino acid mixtures; mixture 1: alanine, arginine, cysteine, and proline; mixture 2: asparatate, glutamate, histidine, and lysine; mixture 3: citrulline, methionine, serine, and threonine; and mixture 4: glutamine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Blood glucose, plasma glucagon, amino acid, and insulin concentrations were measured using well characterized methodologies.Results: Alanine (P=0.03), arginine (P<0.001), and proline (P=0.03) but not glutamine (P=0.2) stimulated glucagon secretion from the perfused mouse pancreas. Cysteine had the numerically largest effect on glucagon secretion but did not reach statistical significance (P=0.08). However, when the four isomolar amino acid mixtures were administered there were no significant difference (P>0.5) in plasma concentrations of glucagon across mixture 1-4. Plasma concentrations of total amino acids were higher after administration of GRA when mixture 1 (P=0.004) or mixture 3 (P=0.04) were injected. Conclusion:Our data suggest that alanine, arginine, and proline but not glutamine are involved in the liveralpha cell axis in mice as they all increased glucagon secretion and their disappearance rate was altered by GRA.

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Glucagon increases hepatic mRNA concentrations of ureagenic and gluconeogenic enzymes in early-lactation dairy cows

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of sorghum grain supplementation on glucose metabolism in cattle and sheep fed temperate pasture

Effect of sorghum grain supplementation on glucose metabolism in cattle and sheep fed temperate pasture

Effects of energy density in close-up diets and postpartum supplementation of extruded full-fat soybean on lactation performance and metabolic and hormonal status of dairy cows

Alanine, arginine, and proline but not glutamine are the feed-back regulators in the liver-alpha cell axis in mice

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