Glucagon and plasma catecholamine responses to graded and prolonged exercise in man

Galbo, H.; Holst, Jens J.; Christensen, Niels Juel

doi:10.1152/jappl.1975.38.1.70

Cited by 381 publications

(191 citation statements)

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“…The threshold for metabolic effects observed during adrenaline infusion in this experiment was well below the concentrations observed during ordinary activities like standing or mild exercise. 23,24 Our data provide new evidence that sibutramine limits the decrease in REE which is normally associated with weight reduction. Indeed, REE was mildly increased, when adjusted for body weight or for lean body mass which re¯ects metabolically active tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Nordrenaline exerts its physiological effects mainly as a neurotransmitter 22 and its metabolic effects as a circulating hormone are only found with exceedingly high plasma concentrations, for example, during prolonged maximal exercise or severe illness like myocardial infarction. 22,23 During hormone infusions, the plasma threshold concentration for cardiovascular and metabolic changes is about 10 times lower for adrenaline than for noradrenaline. 10,22 Thus, it is impossible to mimic physiological events completely by noradrenaline infusions, and for these reasons adrenaline was chosen for the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of sibutramine on resting energy expenditure and adrenaline-induced thermogenesis in obese females

1999

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BACKGROUND: Sibutramine, an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline uptake, reduces appetite to cause weight loss. This study tested the hypothesis that an increase in energy expenditure also contributes to this weight loss. In addition, the effects of sibutramine on adrenaline induced changes in heart rate and cardiac output were determined METHODS: Nineteen obese females randomly received either sibutramine 15 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks along with dietary advice. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured and then energy expenditure was measured during a 30 min infusion of adrenaline (25 ngaminakg IBW). Cardiac output and heart rate, measured by Duplex Colour Doppler ultrasonography, were similarly measured in the basal state and post adrenaline. All measurements were recorded at baseline and then after 12 weeks. RESULTS: Ten patients who received sibutramine reduced their weight by 8.1 AE 3.8% while 9 placebo treated subjects reduced their weight by 5.1 AE 4.4%, P 0.13. In absolute terms, REE decreased in placebo subjects from 1500 AE 201 kcala24 h to 1357 AE 231 kcala24 h (9.4 AE 9.9%) and in sibutramine subjects from 1540 AE 184 kcala24 h to 1444 AE 128 kcala24 h (5.3 AE 12.0%), P 0.77. The increased weight loss in the sibutramine group was associated with an increase in the FFM adjusted REE (2.2 AE 16.1%) unlike the expected decrease (5.8 AE 9.5%) in the placebo group (P 0.11). There was some suggestion (P 0.09) that the usual positive correlation between loss of weight and decline in REE was lost in the sibutramine group (r 7 0.30) compared with placebo (r 0.35). There was a negative correlation between loss of FFM and decline in REEakg FFM and (P 0.029) which was not evident in placebo (P 0.83). Adrenaline induced energy expenditure was similar in the two groups at the end of the 12 week period and there were no signi®cant cardiovascular changes between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Sibutramine limits the decline in REE associated with weight loss, equivalent to about 100 kcalad. This could allow greater numbers of people to maintain a greater degree of weight loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sibutramine on resting energy expenditure and adrenaline-induced thermogenesis in obese females

1999

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“…the peripheral insulin concentration accompanied by increased blood glucose ; concomitantly, the concentrations of glucagon and catecholamines increase [64][65][66]. These changes are expected to lead to the inactivation of ACC and the lowering of malonylCoA, as indeed observed experimentally [62,63].…”

Section: Scheme 2 Possible Metabolic Fates Of Acylcarnitine Esters Afmentioning

confidence: 58%

The malonyl-CoA–long-chain acyl-CoA axis in the maintenance of mammalian cell function

Zammit

1999

Biochemical Journal

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Long-chain acyl-CoA esters have potent specific actions (e.g. on gene transcription, membrane trafficking) as well as non-specific ones (e.g. on phospholipid bilayers). They are synthesized on the cytosolic aspects of several intracellular membranes, to give rise to (a) cytosolic pool(s) to which a variety of enzymes and processes have access, including some localized in the nucleus. Their concentration in cells is highly regulated, interconversion with corresponding acylcarnitines being the most important mechanism involved. This reaction is catalysed by cytosol-accessible carnitine long-chain acyl (palmitoyl) transferase activities that are themselves located on multiple membrane systems. Regulation of these activities is through the inhibitory action of malonyl-CoA. Hence the existence of a potent malonyl-CoA-acyl-CoA axis through which many processes involved in the maintenance of mammalian cell function are regulated. The molecular, topographical and physiological interactions that make this possible are described and discussed.

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“…Since drug administration did not fully prevent fat catabolism, hyperglucagonemia and hyperactivity of the sympatho-adrenal axis may be the major factors producing mild exercise lipolysis (Banister & Griffiths, 1972;Galbo et al, 1975).…”

Section: Desipraminementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of conditioned running on plasma, liver and brain tryptophan and on brain 5‐hydroxytryptamine metabolism of the rat

Chaouloff

Elghozi

Guezennec³

et al. 1985

British J Pharmacology

152

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1 An investigation was made into the effects of conditioned running (1 h and 2h at 20mmin-'), which accelerates lipolysis, on the concentrations of tryptophan (Trp) in plasma, liver and brain and on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in brain. 2 Running caused time-dependent increases in plasma free Trp and brain Trp of the rat, leading to increased brain 5-HT turnover as revealed by higher amounts of its metabolite, 5-HIAA. The ratio of brain Trp to plasma free Trp was decreased after 2 h of running. 3 Liver Trp content rose only after 3 h of running, while liver unesterified fatty acid (UFA) concentrations remained unmodified. 4 A comparison between food deprivation and running (both of which promote lipolysis) was performed. Running for 2 h affected to the same extent plasma Trp disposition when compared with 24 h food deprivation. Nevertheless, the ratio of brain Trp to plasma free Trp was decreased in the food-deprived rats, when compared to the runners. 5 Valine, an inhibitor ofentry ofTrp into the brain decreased its level there to the same extent in both controls and I h runners. 6 Nicotinic acid, which inhibits fat catabolism, completely abolished the plasma UFA increase induced by 1 h of running. The drug did not affect plasma free Trp, brain Trp, 5-HT or 5-HIAA but enhanced plasma total Trp level. 7 Naloxone, an opiate antagonist, which decreased running-induced lipolysis, did not alter plasma Trp disposition.8 Desipramine, an antidepressant compound, affected only peripheral Trp concentrations of the runners. Plasma free and total Trp concentrations were increased in desipramine-treated runners, compared with saline-treated runners. In addition, desipramine increased the ratio of brain Trp to plasma free Trp of the runners. Brain 5-HT and 5-HIAA were increased in both desipramine-treated controls and runners. 9 The results suggest that running, which like food deprivatiQn accelerates lipolysis, increases brain Trp content and then 5-HT turnover. Comparison of these two physiological situations suggests that effectiveness of brain Trp entry is much more altered by fasting.

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Glucagon and plasma catecholamine responses to graded and prolonged exercise in man

Cited by 381 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of sibutramine on resting energy expenditure and adrenaline-induced thermogenesis in obese females

The effect of sibutramine on resting energy expenditure and adrenaline-induced thermogenesis in obese females

The malonyl-CoA–long-chain acyl-CoA axis in the maintenance of mammalian cell function

Effects of conditioned running on plasma, liver and brain tryptophan and on brain 5‐hydroxytryptamine metabolism of the rat

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