GLR-1, a Non-NMDA Glutamate Receptor Homolog, Is Critical for Long-Term Memory in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

Rose, Jacqueline K.; Kaun, Karla R.; Chen, Sylvia H.; Rankin, Catharine H.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-29-09595.2003

Cited by 109 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…eat-4 mutants display faster than normal habituation of responses to plate-tap at all ISIs, slower spontaneous recovery, and an inability to produce LTM [62,64]. Meanwhile, glr-1 encodes a non-NMDA glutamate receptor expressed in all four interneurons (AVA, AVB, AVD, and PVC) that synapse with the touch receptor neurons, and mutations in glr-1 also block LTM of habituation [63]. It is interesting to note that tap training of C. elegans modifies the density of postsynapse GLR-1 of the interneurons [63,66].…”

Section: Habituationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, glr-1 encodes a non-NMDA glutamate receptor expressed in all four interneurons (AVA, AVB, AVD, and PVC) that synapse with the touch receptor neurons, and mutations in glr-1 also block LTM of habituation [63]. It is interesting to note that tap training of C. elegans modifies the density of postsynapse GLR-1 of the interneurons [63,66]. These results suggest that glutamatergic transmission from the touch neuron to interneuron plays an important role in habituation.…”

Section: Habituationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Bounoutas

Chalfie

2007

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was the first organism for which touch insensitive mutants were obtained. The study of the genes defective in these mutants has led to the identification of components of a mechanosensory complex needed for specific cells to sense gentle touch to the body. Multiple approaches using genetics, cell biology, biochemistry, and electrophysiology have characterized a channel complex, containing two DEG/ENaC pore-forming subunits and several other proteins, that transduces the touch response. Other mechanical responses, sensed by other cells using a variety of other components, are less well understood in C. elegans. Many of these other senses may use TRP channels, although DEG/ENaC channels have also been implicated.

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Section: Habituationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Habituationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Bounoutas

Chalfie

2007

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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“…A wealth of knowledge has been obtained about the underlying mechanisms of learning and memory, but much remains to be elucidated. Previous studies have revealed regulators of learning and memory conserved between mammals and Caenorhabditis elegans (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Therefore, the analysis of genes found in C. elegans can provide important insights into the mechanisms of learning and memory in mammals, including humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

CASY-1, an ortholog of calsyntenins/alcadeins, is essential for learning in Caenorhabditis elegans

Ikeda

Duan

Matsuki

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Calsyntenins/alcadeins are type I transmembrane proteins with two extracellular cadherin domains highly expressed in mammalian brain. They form a tripartite complex with X11/X11L and APP (amyloid precursor protein) and are proteolytically processed in a similar fashion to APP. Although a genetic association of calsyntenin-2 with human memory performance has recently been reported, physiological roles and molecular functions of the protein in the nervous system are poorly understood. Here, we show that CASY-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of calsyntenins/ alcadeins, is essential for multiple types of learning. Through a genetic screen, we found that casy-1 mutants show defects in salt chemotaxis learning. casy-1 mutants also show defects in temperature learning, olfactory adaptation, and integration of two sensory signals. casy-1 is widely expressed in the nervous system. Expression of casy-1 in a single sensory neuron and at the postdevelopmental stage is sufficient for its function in salt chemotaxis learning. The fluorescent protein-tagged ectodomain of CASY-1 is released from neurons. Moreover, functional domain analyses revealed that both cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of this protein are dispensable, whereas the ectodomain, which contains the LG/LNS-like domain, is critically required for learning. These results suggest that learning is modulated by the released ectodomain of CASY-1.ectodomain shedding ͉ learning and memory

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“…That is, when a strong enough stimulus is used for training, it may lead to sufficient glutamate release, and result in long-term memory. The hypothesis that glutamate transmission is required for long-term memory formation is further supported by the study from Rose et al (2003). Mutation of glr-1 caused no long-term memory for distributed training regardless of whether a tap or a train of taps was used as the habituation training stimulus [23] .…”

Section: Intermediate Memory For Habituationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The hypothesis that glutamate transmission is required for long-term memory formation is further supported by the study from Rose et al (2003). Mutation of glr-1 caused no long-term memory for distributed training regardless of whether a tap or a train of taps was used as the habituation training stimulus [23] . Trained animals had less GLR-1::GFP expression than untrained animals [23] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Molecular control of memory in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Wang

2008

Neurosci. Bull.

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·Minireview·Memory, one of the important properties of central nerve system (CNS), is defined as encoding, storage and retrieval of learned inputs. However, many complex processes of memory still need further scientific explanations. Invertebrate animals have been already widely accepted as successful organisms for the study of neuroscience, and many important discoveries on behavioral cognitive science were made in the model invertebrate animals [1,2] . Model invertebrate organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have provided powerful genetic approaches to a series of central questions concerning neural development, learning and memory, and the cellular and molecular substrates of behaviors [3][4] . In this review, we will discuss the recent progress on the molecular control of memory based on the studies of model organism C. elegans, via different paradigms in which diverse environmental clues are involved. C. elegans has become an ideal organism model to unravel the complex processes of learning and memory [5] . Besides its extensively anatomical knowledge, the neural circuit of the worm can be analyzed by the technique of laser ablation for identified neurons. Its entire genome has been mapped and sequenced, which allow us to use the methods of systematic forward or reverse genetic screen to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of memory. Especially, C. elegans displays simple forms of memory, such as thermotaxis, chemotaxis and mechanotransdution [5] . Memory for thermosensationC. elegans depends on environmental temperature to sense and search food. Therefore thermotaxis may be the most powerful behavioral paradigm for elucidating the memory mechanism underlying this behavioral plasticity. That model gives an association between the temperature encoded into memory and the nutritional state, and the temperature-food association can be kept for a long period [6] . This thermosensory system exhibits properties of exquisite temperature sensitivity [storage of the thermotactic set-point (T s )], longterm plasticity (comparison of current temperature with the T s ), and the ability to transform thermosensory input into different patterns of motor neurons (measurement of thermal gradients during movement). In brief, the animals adjust a stored set-point of thermotactic memory to their cultivation temperature (T cult ) and the AFD (a sensory neuron)-AIY (an interneuron, the major postsynaptic partner of AFD)-AIZ (an interneuron, the major postsynaptic partner of AIY) neuron circuit: the AFD and AIY neurons specify the thermophilic components of the circuit, driving movement to higher temperatures in a thermal gradient; the AIY and AIZ neurons specify the cryophilic components of the circuit, driving movement to lower temperatures in a thermal gradient [7] . The time-course assay of thermotaxis suggested that a new temperature encoding is a relative long process, and which appears to be independent of cultivation temperature [6] . In addition, starvation can accelerate the memory formation...

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GLR-1, a Non-NMDA Glutamate Receptor Homolog, Is Critical for Long-Term Memory inCaenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 109 publications

References 23 publications

Touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans

CASY-1, an ortholog of calsyntenins/alcadeins, is essential for learning in Caenorhabditis elegans

Molecular control of memory in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

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