Glow discharge with electrostatic confinement of electrons in a chamber bombarded by fast electrons

Cutting ceramic inserts: the influence of abrasive machining and surface coatings on the operational characteristics

“…Modes of deposition of these coatings are given in Table 1. Each of these coatings has specific features that can significantly improve the performance of ceramics in various operation conditions [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Sharpening of ceramic knife-edges and production of plasma for cutting tools nitriding with the use of a broad fast molecule beam

“…For this reason energy of accelerated ions corresponds to measured with kilovoltmeter (11) voltage between anode (3) and chamber (1). At the gas pressure p = 0.2 -1 Pa and distance 0.1 m from grid (4) most of accelerated ions (9) turn into fast neutral molecules (12) due to charge exchange collisions [17] with gas molecules (13). Current of slow ions (14) in the circuit of chamber (1) through feedback resistor (15) with 3-kΩ resistance induces negative bias voltage 100-200 V of the grid thus preventing penetration of electrons from plasma (6) through grid (4) into positive space charge sheath (16) between grid (4) and plasma emitter (10).…”

“…Drawbacks of the arc method are soft metal droplets in the hard coatings, non-practical consumption of the target material and nonuniformity of the discharge plasma. To eliminate the droplets and the plasma nonuniformity it was proposed in References [12,13] to produce the nitrogen plasma in hollow cathode glow discharge [14,15] using the working vacuum chamber as the hollow cathode.…”

Mathematical Modeling of Discharge Plasma Generation and Diffusion Saturation of Metals and Alloys

“…, the discharge operating voltage does not depend on the effective length of the cathode cavity; the glow discharge condition is defined by the relation ( γ + δ )u = 1, and at S a << S c it coincides with the relation derived from energy balance and at δ = 0 with the relation obtained elsewhere [10,11,17].…”