Glow Discharge Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Direct Detection of Oxygenated Organic Compounds in the Gas-phase

Abstract

This study describes a direct analysis of oxygenated organic compounds, such as ketones, esters and ethers, rapidly and easily using a soft plasma ionization (SPI) source combined with a Q-mass spectrometer. A related molecular ion, [2M+H] + , in which a sample molecule (M) can undergo protonation via water clusters, such as [(H2O)n+H] + and [N2(H2O)n+H] + , in an ambient air glow discharge plasma, can be dominantly detected as a base peak with little or no fragmentation at a pressure of several kPa. Oxygenated organic compounds with high proton affinity were found to generate their dimers through the hydrogen bonding interaction at higher pressures. A deuterated solvent was used to examine whether or not the adduct ion of analyte was derived from the solvent. The formation of [2M+H] + strongly depended on the time. A two-dimensional spectrometer was used to obtain the distribution of several excited species and then to confirm the ionization reactions of the analyte in the SPI source. The sample molecule would be readily ionized through Penning-type collisions with excited N2, which causes fragmentation for oxygenated compounds due to the lower pressures (approx. 1.0 kPa) while it is ionized by an attachment with protons from water clusters at higher pressures (several kPa). The SPI source can be a new and powerful tool for soft ionization in direct analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Specific Substances Contained in the Exhaled Breath of Patients with Esophageal Cancer

“…8 Moreover, several VOCs have been identified as candidate substances for the early detection of cancer using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the exhaled breath of patients with lung and breast cancers. [9][10][11][12][13] Smell detection for the diagnosis of cancer has the benefit of being non-invasive, and could therefore have great potential as a screening tool. However, there is no data for evaluating breath VOCs in patients with esophageal cancer.…”