Glomerular structural changes in pregnant, diabetic, and pregnant‐diabetic rats

Abstract

Kidneys enlarge both during pregnancy and in diabetes. The enlargement and morphology of glomeruli was studied during pregnancy and in diabetes in order to examine possible similarities, differences, and interactions in the growth in these conditions. Morphometric investigations were performed on glomeruli in pregnant rats, in rats with 2 weeks' diabetes, and in pregnant-diabetic rats. Kidneys were enlarged 22% in the midterm pregnant rats compared with controls, 74% in diabetic rats, and a further 21% in pregnant-diabetic rats. Glomerular volume was enlarged by 26% during midterm pregnancy in normal animals. Diabetes induced an enlargement in glomerular volume of 58% and a further 18% in midterm diabetic animals due to pregnancy. Within the glomerulus, pregnancy in normal animals induced minor non-significant changes. Diabetes induced significant increase in several parameters: mesangial volume and cell volume, capillary and glomerular basement membrane volume, capillary wall surface area, foot process width, filtration slit length, and nuclear number. Pregnancy in diabetic animals induced no significant additional changes. In conclusion, kidney enlargement in pregnancy shows very few glomerular changes in either normal or diabetic animals. Enlargement of glomeruli in diabetes involves hypertrophy and hyperplasia concurrent with several morphological changes within the glomerulus.

Segmental HOG: new descriptor for glomerulus detection in kidney microscopy image

“…The first obstacle arises from the non-rigid sizes and shapes of the targets in the images. Indeed, the glomeruli have a fixed size in vivo , although they swell to some extent in unfavorable situations such as hypertension [ 3 ] and diabetes [ 4 ]. In addition, the sizes of the glomeruli in a whole-kidney-section image could vary depending on where the cross-section was taken.…”

“…Indeed, the sizes of glomeruli are stable in vivo, although they swell in unfavorable situations, e.g. hypertension [6] and diabetes [17], to some degree. Also, the sizes of glomeruli in a whole-kidney-section image could vary depending on which part of a glomerulus the cross section passes through.…”

Glomerulus Classification and Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

“…For instance: Glomeruli can present a swell aspect under hypertension [4] or diabetes [5] conditions. After sectioning, the presence of pathologies affect the appearance inside the VS.…”

Diabetes‐induced hyperfiltration in adenosine A1‐receptor deficient mice lacking the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

“…These findings suggest that nitric oxide is involved in diabetes‐induced hyperfiltration, but the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, kidney biopsies from several diabetic animal models, as well as from diabetic patients, have demonstrated enlarged glomeruli (Osterby 1992, Rasch et al. 2005), which can increase GFR by increasing the glomerular filtration area.…”