Glomerular dynamics and morphologic changes in the generalized Shwartzman reaction in postpartum rats.

Abstract

A B S T R A C T The roles of glomerular functional and morphologic changes were examined in the acute renal failure associated with generalized Shwartzman reaction in postpartum Munich Wistar rats. The susceptibility of postpartum rats to acute deterioration in renal function after a 2-h endotoxin infusion was found to be greater than in virgin litter mates: glomerular filtration rate fell by 93% in the former vs. 24% in the latter group (P < 0.001). In postpartum rats there were marked changes in platelet count and fibrinogen level (P <0.025) compatible with consumption coagulopathy. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate fell from 5.5+0.9 and 0.74+0.12 to 2.0+0.7 and 0.12±0.01 ml/min, respectively (both P < 0.001). Blood pressure did not change. Results ofglomerular dynamics studies showed decreases in single nephron filtration rate from 28±7 to 6±4 nl/min and in glomerular plasma flow rate from 77± 26 to 23± 12 nl/min (both P < 0.001). Afferent net ultrafiltration pressure fell from 20±3 to 5±4 mm Hg due to a fall in glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure from 47±1 to 29±5 mm Hg (P < 0.001). There were four-and twofold increases in afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances, respectively. Less

Development of Renal Failure in Endotoxemic Rats: Can It Be Explained by Early Changes in Renal Energy Metabolism?

“…Renal effects of endotoxemia, in terms of decreased RPF and GFR, already became evident at t = 30 min. This confirms results of others [11][12][13] that renal failure is one of the earliest findings during shock: it may occur before or even without systemic changes, as we have discussed before [1], I n spite of the early acute renal failure (ARF), renal ATP concentra tion did not fall during the whole experimental period. The only early metabolic change we found was an increase in renal glucose concentration, at t = 30 min, i.e.…”

Cell therapy with a tissue-engineered kidney reduces the multiple-organ consequences of septic shock

“…The improved RBF observed with RAD therapy in the face of profound hypotension is noteworthy. Prior studies have suggested that the declines in RBF in response to endotoxin shock are related to vasoactive compounds and not structural vascular processes, such as microthrombi (55)(56)(57). Whether the diminished renal vascular resistance in response to cell therapy in Gram-negative septic shock is due to the release of a vasoactive moiety or is secondary to local cytokine changes requires further investigation.…”

Fetal renal artery impedance as assessed by Doppler ultrasound in pregnancies complicated by intraamniotic inflammation and preterm birth

“…32 Dysfunction of sensory neurons and excess inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) released from activated neutrophils are central themes of the mechanism responsible for the clinical manifestations of septic shock syndrome. 33,34 For a better understanding of the human adaptive response to inflammation, a number of investigators including us, have used animal models 35,36,37,38 Taken together, animal studies demonstrate that along with a complex set of changes, sepsis is associated with a decline in vascular tone, accompanied by marked regionalization of vital organ blood flow. 35,39 For example, the kidney circulation follows a biphasic pattern: first an increase followed by a decrease in renal artery blood flow.…”