Globule Leukocytes in the Lumen of the Small Intestine and the Resistance Status of Sheep Infected with Parasitic Nematodes

Stankiewicz, M.; Jonas, Wenke; Douch, P. C. G.; Rabel, B.; Bisset, S.A.; Cabaj, W.

doi:10.2307/3283734

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, breed differences in concentration of globule leucocytes have been reported to be minimal by 1 year of age (3) and hence age differences probably contribute to apparent inconsistencies among studies. Associations of increased globule leucocytes with lower FEC, lower worm numbers and decreased female worm length are present in young animals (11,15,48), suggesting a role for these cells in resistance and are consistent with our favourable association of globule leucocyte numbers with IgE in the lymph nodes and PCV at 21 days p.i.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differences in immune parameters are associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Caribbean hair sheep

MacKinnon¹,

Zajac²,

Kooyman³

et al. 2010

Parasite Immunology

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Caribbean hair sheep are more resistant to gastrointestinal nematodes than conventional wool breeds, but mechanisms that confer resistance are not fully understood. This study compared immune effector cell populations and antibody concentrations in 12 hair and 12 wool lambs infected with the abomasal parasite Haemonchus contortus and sacrificed at 3 or 27 days post-infection (p.i.) and 14 uninfected animals of each breed. Faecal egg counts were over 2.5-fold higher (P = 0.12) and packed cell volumes approximately 8% lower (P < 0.10) in infected wool lambs. Abomasal lymph nodes were heavier in infected animals (P < 0.05) and infected hair sheep had larger lymph nodes than infected wool sheep (P < 0.05). Tissue eosinophil concentrations were likewise larger (P = 0.07) in hair compared with wool sheep at 3 days p.i. Circulating levels of IgE and IgA in uninfected lambs were higher in hair sheep (P < 0.05) and during infection, hair sheep had higher serum IgA than wool sheep at 3, 5, and 21 days p.i. (P < 0.05). Serum IgE in infected lambs did not differ between breeds, but concentrations of IgE in lymph nodes were higher (P < 0.01) at 27 days p.i. in infected hair sheep.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differences in immune parameters are associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Caribbean hair sheep

MacKinnon¹,

Zajac²,

Kooyman³

et al. 2010

Parasite Immunology

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“…In general, very little is known about these cells, despite numerous studies indicating the importance of GLs in parasite immunology. GLs have been associated with resistance to O. ostertagi, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, H. contortus, and other helminths in the past (43)(44)(45)(46). The exact effector mechanism used by GLs against worms is still unclear, but as granulysin was detected in mucus, granule exocytosis could be one of these effector mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granule Exocytosis of Granulysin and Granzyme B as a Potential Key Mechanism in Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Cattle against the Nematode Ostertagia ostertagi

et al. 2013

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dOstertagia ostertagi is considered one of the most economically important bovine parasites. As an alternative to anthelmintic treatment, an experimental host-protective vaccine was previously developed on the basis of ASP proteins derived from adult worms. Intramuscular injection of this vaccine, combined with QuilA as an adjuvant, significantly reduced fecal egg counts by 59%. However, the immunological mechanisms triggered by the vaccine are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, the differences in immune responses at the site of infection, i.e., the abomasal mucosa, between ASP-QuilA-vaccinated animals and QuilA-vaccinated control animals were investigated on a transcriptomic level by using a whole-genome bovine microarray combined with histological analysis. Sixty-nine genes were significantly impacted in animals protected by the vaccine, 48 of which were upregulated. A correlation study between the parasitological parameters and gene transcription levels showed that the transcription levels of two of the upregulated genes, those for granulysin (GNLY) and granzyme B (GZMB), were negatively correlated with cumulative fecal egg counts and total worm counts, respectively. Both genes were also positively correlated with each other and with another upregulated gene, that for the IgE receptor subunit (FCER1A). Surprisingly, these three genes were also correlated significantly with CMA1, which encodes a mast cell marker, and with counts of mast cells and cells previously described as globule leukocytes. Furthermore, immunohistochemical data showed that GNLY was present in the granules of globule leukocytes and that it was secreted in mucus. Overall, the results suggest a potential role for granule exocytosis by globule leukocytes, potentially IgE mediated, in vaccine-induced protection against O. ostertagi.

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“…Infection is associated with a more pronounced intraepithelial mast cell hyperplasia 14,19 in mMCP‐1 −/− mice, together with delayed expulsion of T. spiralis , when compared with mMCP‐1 +/+ controls 14 . It is possible that the egress of MMC into the gut lumen, as described in detail in parasitized sheep, 209,210 is compromised by the absence of mMCP‐1 in mMCP‐1 −/− mice with relatively intact tight junctions. An alternative explanation is that extracellular mMCP‐1, released during infection, 69 downregulates mast cell hyperplasia in mMCP‐1 +/+ mice by degrading SCF, c‐ kit , or the TGF‐R/TGF‐β 1 /β 6 complex (Fig.…”

Section: Functions Of Mast Cell Granule Serine Proteinasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Tissue‐specific expression of mast cell granule serine proteinases and their role in inflammation in the lung and gut

2002

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SUMMARYSerine proteinases with trypsin-like (tryptase) and chymotrypsin-like (chymase) properties are major constituents of mast cell granules. Several tetrameric tryptases with differing specificities have been characterized in humans, but only a single chymase. In other species there are larger families of chymases with distinct and narrow proteolytic specificities. Expression of chymases and tryptases varies between tissues. Human pulmonary and gastrointestinal mast cells express chymase at lower levels than tryptase, whereas rodent and ruminant gastrointestinal mast cells express uniquely mucosa-specific chymases. Local and systemic release of chymases and tryptases can be quantified by immunoassay, providing highly specific markers of mast cell activation. The expression and constitutive extracellular secretion of the mucosa-specific chymase, mouse mast cell proteinase-1 (mMCP-1), is regulated by transforming growth factor-b 1 (TGF-b 1 ) in vitro, but it is not clear how the differential expression of chymases and tryptases is regulated in other species. Few native inhibitors have been identified for tryptases but the tetramers dissociate into inactive subunits in the absence of heparin. Chymases are variably inhibited by plasma proteinase inhibitors and by secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) that is expressed in the airways. Tryptases and chymases promote vascular permeability via indirect and possibly direct mechanisms. They contribute to tissue remodelling through selective proteolysis of matrix proteins and through activation of proteinase-activated receptors and of matrix metalloproteinases. Chymase may modulate vascular tissues through its ability to process angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II. Mucosa-specific chymases promote epithelial permeability and are involved in the immune expulsion of intestinal nematodes. Importantly, granule proteinases released extracellularly contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells and may thus be involved in innate responses to infection.

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Globule Leukocytes in the Lumen of the Small Intestine and the Resistance Status of Sheep Infected with Parasitic Nematodes

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Differences in immune parameters are associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Caribbean hair sheep

Differences in immune parameters are associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Caribbean hair sheep

Granule Exocytosis of Granulysin and Granzyme B as a Potential Key Mechanism in Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Cattle against the Nematode Ostertagia ostertagi

Tissue‐specific expression of mast cell granule serine proteinases and their role in inflammation in the lung and gut

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