Globose basal cells are neuronal progenitors in the olfactory epithelium: A lineage analysis using a replication-incompetent retrovirus

Cell cycle of globose basal cells in rat olfactory epithelium

“…The value of 30% double-labeled cells (determined at a time when all the 3H-thy labeled cells have completed mitosis) equals 60% of the original number of dividing cells of the basal compartment. Our observation that at least some globose basal cells re-enter the mitotic cycle is indirectly supported by a study utilizing a replication incompetent retroviral vector to analyze the lineage of descent in normal epithelium (Caggiano et al, 1994). In this case, the finding of clusters that consist of many labeled neurons was interpreted as demonstrating multiple cvcles of viding population, at which point quiescent cells-will mitosis by a founder basal cell anger its descendants, although the clonality of these clusters remains somewhat at issue.…”

“…Moreover, following injury to the olfactory system, neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium is greatly enhanced, allowing for a rapid reconstitution of the damaged epithelium (Nagahara, 1940;Graziadei, 1973;Graziadei and DeHan, 1973;Monti Graziadei and Graziadei, 1979;Costanzo and Graziadei, 1983;Schwartz Levey et al, 1991;Schwob et al, 1995). Several lines of evidence indicate that the mitotically active cells of the basal compartment are responsible for the generation of new neurons in the olfactory epithelium Hinds et al, 1984;Mackay-Sim and Kittel, 1991;Caggiano et al, 1994). Thus, the study of cells of the basal compartment under normal circumstances and following injury to the olfactory system offers the opportunity to investigate the regulation of neurogenesis.…”

Manipulation of Neural Precursors in situ Induction of Neurogenesis in the Neocortex of Adult Mice

“…The globose basal cells of the olfactory epithelium divide, differentiate into neurons, and send their axons through the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb (Huard and Schwob 1995;Caggiano et al 1994). Of all the neurons in the mammalian body, olfactory epithelium sensory neurons are most directly exposed to potentially damaging influences, interpreted as necessitating their continual replacement.…”

“…Olfactory nerve lesions or olfactory bulb lesions, which lead to the degeneration of axotomized neurons (Graziadei and Graziadei 1979;Carr and Farbman 1992), result in an increase in proliferation of precursors (Caggiano et al 1994;Graziadei and Graziadei 1979;Carr and Farbman 1992;Calof et al 1996;Samanen and Forbes 1984). The new neurons that form in the adult olfactory epithelium send axons through the olfactory nerve and into the mature olfactory bulb (Barber 1982;Crews and Hunter 1994).…”

Xath5 regulates neurogenesis in the Xenopus olfactory placode

“…The OE is populated by three major cell types: basal cells, support cells, and olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs; Klein and Graziadei, 1983). The basal cells act as precursor cells for the OE, differentiating to replace lost support cells or ORNs over the lifetime of the animal (Harding et al, 1977;Monti Graziadei and Graziadei, 1979;Caggiano et al, 1994). The support cells serve a secretory role within the OE (Okano and Takagi, 1974), and the ORNs express odorant receptors and are the sensory cells that transduce odor information (Buck and Axel, 1991).…”