Globe artichoke cuttings production: Artificial vernalization pathways for the improvement of earliness, yield and marketable traits

The combined effects of gibberellic acid and kinetin on growth, yield and quality in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

“…The early blooming of globe artichoke plants may have occurred because of GA3 treatments that enhance vegetative development, resulting in the transport of synthesized assimilates to other plant tissues and perhaps facilitating early flowering (heads production) (Soliman et al 2019) . The transformation from vegetative to reproductive growth, or the floral transformation, is regulated by both endogenous and exogenous signals such as physiological factors related to the maturity level of propagation methods (explants), temperature, photoperiod, hormone levels, and a group of genes that promote flowering growth (Riahi et al 2020). On the other hand, studies on different artichoke cultivars produced from seeds revealed that the frequency of GA3 treatments, the susceptibility of each cultivar to GA3, and the planting dates all affect how successful GA3 is in promoting earliness (Elia and Santamaria, 1994).…”