Globalization, Binational Communities, and Imported Food Risks: Results of an Outbreak Investigation of Lead Poisoning in Monterey County, California

Handley, Margaret A.; Hall, Celeste; Sanford, Eric; Diaz, Evie; Gonzalez-Mendez, Enrique; Drace, Kaitie; Wilson, Robert; Villalobos, Mario; Croughan, Mary S.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.074138

Cited by 64 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Some of these chemicals may be present in the substrates for insects, such as environmental contaminants, e.g. heavy metals (Lindquist, 1992;Merrington et al, 1997;Green et al, 2001;Vijver et al, 2003;Handley et al, 2007;Zhuang et al, 2009), organochlorines such as dioxins (Hunter et al, 1987;Jamil and Hussain 1992;Devkota and Schmidt 2000), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Gaylor et al 2012), mycotoxins and plant toxins. Insects may also contain elevated levels of trace elements e.g.…”

Section: Chemical Hazards 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dried grasshoppers (Chapulines) were suspected to be the cause of elevated blood lead levels in people from a community in California (Handley et al, 2007). The latter authors investigated sources of an outbreak of lead poisoning in Monterey County, California.…”

Section: Heavy Metals and Arsenic 421mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These chapulines contained significant amounts of lead. From the total number of 10 chapuline samples originating from Zimatlan, Oaxaca, a large variation in lead concentrations was seen, from not detected to levels as high as 2 500 mg/kg (Handley et al, 2007).…”

Section: Heavy Metals and Arsenic 421mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

2015

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The present opinion has the format of a risk profile and presents potential biological and chemical hazards as well as allergenicity and environmental hazards associated with farmed insects used as food and feed taking into account of the entire chain, from farming to the final product. The opinion also addresses the occurrence of these hazards in non-processed insects, grown on different substrate categories, in comparison to the occurrence of these hazards in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. When currently allowed feed materials are used as substrate to feed insects, the possible occurrence of microbiological hazards is expected to be comparable to their occurrence in other nonprocessed sources of protein of animal origin. The possible occurrence of prions in non-processed insects will depend on whether the substrate includes protein of human or ruminant origin. Data on transfer of chemical contaminants from different substrates to the insects are very limited. Substrates like kitchen waste, human and animal manure are also considered and hazards from insects fed on these substrates need to be specifically assessed. It is concluded that for both biological and chemical hazards, the specific production methods, the substrate used, the stage of harvest, the insect species and developmental stage, as well as the methods for further processing will all have an impact on the occurrence and levels of biological and chemical contaminants in food and feed products derived from insects. Hazards related to the environment are expected to be comparable to other animal production systems. The opinion also identifies the uncertainties (lack of knowledge) related to possible hazards when insects are used as food and feed and notes that there are no systematically collected data on animal and human consumption of insects. Studies on the occurrence of microbial pathogens of vertebrates as well as published data on hazardous chemicals in reared insects are scarce. Further data generation on these issues are highly recommended. Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed EFSA Scientific Committee AbstractThe present opinion has the format of a risk profile and presents potential biological and chemical hazards as well as allergenicity and environmental hazards associated with farmed insects used as food and feed taking into account of the entire chain, from farming to the final product. The opinion also addresses the occurrence of these hazards in non-processed insects, grown on different substrate categories, in comparison to the occurrence of these hazards in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. When currently allowed feed materials are used as substrate to feed insects, the possible occurrence of microbiological hazards is expected to be comparable to their occurrence in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. The possible occurrence of prions in nonprocessed insects will depend on whether the substrate includes protein ...

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Section: Chemical Hazards 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heavy Metals and Arsenic 421mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

2015

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“…Women with a friend or relative identified with lead exposure above background levels are also more likely to have increased blood lead levels (Handley et al 2007). In addi tion, the unique physiology of pregnancy and lactation has been shown to result in increased bone turnover and, thus, higher maternal BLLs.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Lead Exposure In U S Women Of Childbearimentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Ayurvedic medicine use associated with major and fatal congenital abnormalities

Wong

Dargan

Koutsogiannis

et al. 2015

Medical Journal of Australia

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“…California has been the site of a recently documented problem of trans-national lead exposure that is not linked to usual industrial and paint-related sources, but instead to environmental contamination of imported foods (1,2), curative agents (3), cosmetics (4) and candies (5). The invisibility of these contamination sources creates challenges for communities to engage in environmental health promotion efforts, particularly for the migrant communities disproportionately affected by imported food-related lead hazards (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reports from the field: Engaging learners as interpreters for developing health messages — designing the ‘Familias Sin Plomo’ English as a Second Language curriculum project

Handley

Santos

Mcclelland³

2009

Glob Health Promot

Self Cite

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California has a recently documented problem of trans-national environmental lead exposures in imported foods from Mexico but there is limited health information available in immigrant communities about this problem. This report highlights collaborative work with English as a Second Language (ESL) learners to critically review research data on lead exposures and reframe prevention messages about lead contamination of imported foods. These messages are now integrated into ESL curricula for dissemination to Spanish-speaking populations that are disproportionately affected by lead poisoning. This 'learners as interpreters' approach is a participatory method that can be applied across a wide range of public health activities. ESL learners emerged as ideal partners in developing curriculum for lead poisoning prevention for several reasons: the parents expressed strong interest in lead poisoning prevention, several have children under age 6 when lead screenings are recommended, and many have emigrated from regions in Mexico where lead hazards were identified.

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Globalization, Binational Communities, and Imported Food Risks: Results of an Outbreak Investigation of Lead Poisoning in Monterey County, California

Cited by 64 publications

References 23 publications

Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

Chronic Ayurvedic medicine use associated with major and fatal congenital abnormalities

Reports from the field: Engaging learners as interpreters for developing health messages — designing the ‘Familias Sin Plomo’ English as a Second Language curriculum project

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