In the passage from the 20th century to the 21st, Brazil was heavily impacted by a globalization both capitalist and neoliberal. The elected governments along the decade of 1990 aligned themselves with the neoliberal project, represented by the Washington Consensus. Amidst this process, the overall guidelines of the mandates of Fernando Collor, Itamar Franco, and Fernando Henrique Cardoso obeyed the neoliberal prescriptions, that is, its set of rules and fundamental norms appointed by international organizations such as the GATT/WTO, the IMF, and the World Bank. Measures pointed toward the reform of the state, monetary stability, retrenchment of social expenditures, privatization of public services, deregulation of the workplace and of the economy, and the removal of customs barriers were its motto. Simultaneously, the ideas of globalization and mundialization, of modernity and postmodernity developed. In Brazil at that time, those themes gain relevance, and a group of intellectuals sets out to reflect on and analyze its impacts. The subject of globalization, along with its developments and consequences, becomes central to a few academic dossiers and books published during that period, guided by analysis regarding the role of the State, techniques and technologies, identity, diversity, national culture and mass culture, and globalization and dependency. At the same time that globalization is reflected upon, it subsumes the thinker with its new techniques and technologies. This study aims to understand how this debate was established in the country during the decade of 1990 and attempts to bring it to the present. The research had, as sources, articles, academic magazines, and books published on the subject.