“…Studies counted under this approach conceive decentralization and regionalization in the EU-10 as a dimension of system transformation following the breakdown of the communist regimes. These studies are usually backward-looking and are concerned primarily with exploring the preconditions and the specific outcomes of subnational reforms in the EU-10 (Horváth, 1997(Horváth, , 2000Petrakos, 1997;Gorzelak, 1998;Keune, 1998;Kimball, 1999;Kirchner, 1999;Bachtler et al, 2000;Cornia, 2000, 2004;Zloch, 2000;Hughes et al, 2001Hughes et al, , 2003Rose and Traut, 2001;Batt, 2002aBatt, , 2002cBatt, , 2003Batt and Wolczuk, 2002;Bitušikova, 2002;Fowler, 2002;Grúber, 2002;Illner, 2002;Wolczuk, 2002;Balás and Hedegüs, 2003;Pamfil, 2003;Peteri, 2003;Yilmaz et al, 2003;Pálne Kovács et al, 2004;Tatur, 2004;Myant and Smith, 2006). System transformation studies reveal a substantial mismatch between the high expectations invested in subnational reforms and their de facto outcomes.…”