Globalisation and US prison growth: from military Keynesianism to post-Keynesian militarism

Gilmore, Rüth Wilson

doi:10.1177/030639689904000212

Cited by 223 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…Although the study of racial inequality is not new to geographers (Anderson, 1987;Gilmore, 1998;Jackson and Penrose, 1994;Kobayashi and Peake, 1994;S. Smith, 1993;Woods, 1998), environmental racism offers us new insights into the subject, particularly its spatiality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California

Pulido

2000

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

1,116

329

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Geographic studies of environmental racism have focused on the spatial relationships between environmental hazards and community demographics in order to determine if inequity exists. Conspicuously absent within this literature, however, is any substantive discussion of racism. This paper seeks to address this shortcoming in two ways. I first investigate how racism is understood and expressed in the literature. I argue that although racism is rarely explicitly discussed, a normative conceptualization of racism informs the research. Not only is this prevailing conception overly narrow and restrictive, it also denies the spatiality of racism. Consequently, my second goal is to demonstrate how various forms of racism contribute to environmental racism. In addition to conventional understandings of racism, I emphasize white privilege, a highly structural and spatial form of racism. Using Los Angeles as a case study, I examine how whites have secured relatively cleaner environments by moving away from older industrial cores via suburbanization. I suggest that the historical processes of suburbanization and decentralization are instances of white privilege and have contributed to contemporary patterns of environmental racism. Thus, in addition to interpreting racism as discriminatory facility siting and malicious intent, I also examine a less conscious but hegemonic form of racism, white privilege. Such an approach not only allows us to appreciate the range of racisms that shape the urban landscape, but also illuminates the functional relationships between places—in particular between industrial zones and residential suburbs, and how their development reflects and reproduces a particular racist formation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California

Pulido

2000

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

1,116

329

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“…Geographers concerned with the imprisonment experience have shown how movement, familial social relations, and peer relationships, to name a few, are impacted by imprisonment (Dolovich, 2012;Moran et al, 2012;Turner, 2013). Finally, geographers have critically noted how the modalities of government and redistribution are impacted by the census counting of prisoners, by funding relations between local and state actors, and by the constraints of capitalism and the free market (Hamsher, 2005;Gilmore, 1999;Peck and Theodore, 2008;Theodore et al, 2006). The institutional sites of the prison and immigrant detention have figured prominently in accounts of carceral geographies, especially as these institutional sites are productive of "carceralization", in which "the prison system can be understood as one of the epicentral institutions of these neoliberalized times" (Peck, 2003:226).…”

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confidence: 99%

Expanding carceral geographies: challenging mass incarceration and creating a "community orientation" towards juvenile delinquency

Brown

2014

Geogr. Helv.

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Abstract. Increasingly, governments are adopting alternative strategies to mass incarceration and drawing on the rhetoric of community to create softer and less restrictive sanctions. This paper argues that this transition provides an opportunity for geographers concerned with incarceration to consider a more expansive understanding of the carceral state. To call for a more geographically expansive consideration of incarceration, this paper draws upon a study of one juvenile court that sought to end racialized over-incarceration by promoting a "community orientation". As a consequence, juvenile detention now acts as a single node in a broader process of sorting, placing, and punishing, but the carceral aspects of juvenile court involvement did not lessen. Instead, the community orientation encapsulated a range of practices that are traditionally outside the state, yet extended the power of the state over a broad geography that resulted in the coerced mobility of children and subjection to greater insecurity. By tracing how the carceral apparatus extends into neighborhoods, community programs, probation practices, and residential placement, I argue that paying more attention to variegated carceral practices is necessary to more fully consider how incarceration has permeated places outside the prison.

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“…Autores consagrados na assim chamada sociologia da punição -como Michel Foucault, David Garland e Loïc Wacquant -aparecem de forma diluída ao longo das discussões empreendidas. Em oposição às referências tradicionais, um conjunto diferente aparece nas discussões sobre Justiça Criminal, a partir do diálogo e da utilização de categorias elaboradas por Mike Davis, David Harvey e Angela Davis, como os suportes que acompanham a discussão empreendida por Gilmore (2007).…”

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“…A virada punitiva norte-americana: explicações tradicionais, contraexplicações e explicações alternativas Para responder estas questões, a autora retoma o debate mais amplo da questão prisional norte-americana. Gilmore (2007) considera que a maioria dos autores partia da constatação do crescimento da população encarcerada e do endurecimento penal do período, posteriormente ensaiando respostas simplistas a estes desenvolvimentos. Neste primeiro momento, visando mostrar como estas problematizações partiam de concepções equivocadas ou ideológicas sobre a prisão de modo geral, Gilmore (2007) constata que a principal pergunta colocada no debate americano sobre prisões era responder de que modo poderia ser explicada essa expansão prisional (também chamada de punitive turn, "virada punitiva").…”

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“…Gilmore (2007) considera que a maioria dos autores partia da constatação do crescimento da população encarcerada e do endurecimento penal do período, posteriormente ensaiando respostas simplistas a estes desenvolvimentos. Neste primeiro momento, visando mostrar como estas problematizações partiam de concepções equivocadas ou ideológicas sobre a prisão de modo geral, Gilmore (2007) constata que a principal pergunta colocada no debate americano sobre prisões era responder de que modo poderia ser explicada essa expansão prisional (também chamada de punitive turn, "virada punitiva"). Assim, pesquisadores e analistas buscavam identificar e articular as causas, os processos, as lógicas sociopolíticas que funcionavam na base deste processo de revigoramento prisional.…”

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Uma leitura de Golden Gulag: rediscutindo a economia política da pena e uma aproximação com o debate sobre a expansão prisional no estado de São Paulo

Barros

2016

Soc. estado.

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Resumo Publicado em 2007, ainda sem tradução para o português e pouco conhecido no Brasil, a obra Golden Gulag é um importante referencial para a compreensão da expansão prisional ocorrida no estado norte-americano da Califórnia, entre os anos 1982 e 2000. Neste livro, Ruth W. Gilmore oferece uma interessante interpretação sobre as motivações e articulações que impulsionaram a construção das unidades prisionais no interior daquele estado, além de fornecer um referencial analítico que rediscute a economia política da pena. Gilmore também é considerada uma das principais autoras que contribuíram para uma abordagem sobre o revigoramento prisional intitulada Complexo industrial carcerário, bem como membro-fundador de um coletivo antiprisão chamado Critical resistence. Este artigo procura realizar uma leitura atenta de Golden Gulag, de modo a extrair as principais formulações teórico-empíricas do livro, para, em seguida, ensaiar possíveis contribuições deste material para se compreender aspectos recentes da expansão prisional no estado de São Paulo.

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Globalisation and US prison growth: from military Keynesianism to post-Keynesian militarism

Cited by 223 publications

References 11 publications

Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California

Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California

Expanding carceral geographies: challenging mass incarceration and creating a "community orientation" towards juvenile delinquency

Uma leitura de Golden Gulag: rediscutindo a economia política da pena e uma aproximação com o debate sobre a expansão prisional no estado de São Paulo

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Globalisation and US prison growth: from military Keynesianism to post-Keynesian militarism

Cited by 223 publications

References 11 publications

Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California

Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California

Expanding carceral geographies: challenging mass incarceration and creating a &quot;community orientation&quot; towards juvenile delinquency

Uma leitura de Golden Gulag: rediscutindo a economia política da pena e uma aproximação com o debate sobre a expansão prisional no estado de São Paulo

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Expanding carceral geographies: challenging mass incarceration and creating a "community orientation" towards juvenile delinquency