“…Globalization, on the other hand, is defined by Leal & Marques (2021a) and Rahman (2020) as a broad and multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses cross-national social, economic, technical, environmental, and cultural, linkages. It brings nations together to trade which eventually results in foreign direct investment (FDI) to speed up economic activity, financial development, and energy consumption, as well as their degree of openness (Leal & Marques, 2021b;Wani & Mir, 2021). Apart from these possible reasons, economic deprivation and worldwide economic integration raise the level of environmental repercussions owing to elevated human stress on the environmental ecosystem (Shittu et al, 2020;Lyulyov et al, 2021;Ngoc et al, 2021;Wani & Mir, 2021;Yameogo et al, 2021).…”