Global well-being since 1820

Zanden, Jan Luiten van; Baten, Jöerg; d’Ercole, Marco Mira; Rijpma, Auke; Smith, Conal; Timmer, Marcel P.

doi:10.1787/9789264214262-5-en

Cited by 48 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence of considerable economic inequality is a contextual barrier. A growing body of research considers the prevalence of inequality a deterrent of human development as it contributes to relatively lower levels of trust, skills, social mobility, physical health (Benabou, 1996;Corak, 2013;Mo, 2000;Seery and Arendar, 2014;Stiglitz, 2012;Van Zanden et al, 2014) and other social problems (Wilkinson and Pickett, 2009). Countries with relatively high inequality also tend to have more frequent episodes of injustice, insider privilege and unequal opportunity (Birdsall, 2006;Corak, 2013;Seery and Arendar, 2014;Stiglitz, 2012).…”

Section: Economic Inequality and Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

What motivates entrepreneurial entry under economic inequality? The role of human and financial capital

2015

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Based on a multilevel analysis of nearly 120,000 observations across 31 countries between 2001 and 2008, we provide novel insights into the moderating effects that economic inequality may have on the distinct roles that human and financial capital play on different types of entrepreneurship. As inequality increases, both forms of capital become weaker deterrents of entry into necessity entrepreneurship, whereas for opportunity entrepreneurship, only financial capital becomes a stronger predictor of entry. We also show that, regardless of inequality levels, both human and financial capital exhibit decreasing marginal returns on the likelihood of entry into necessity entrepreneurship, and that in the case of opportunity entrepreneurship, financial capital exhibits increasing marginal returns. However, inequality does impact the magnitude of marginal returns. Additionally, our statistical analysis provides quantitative support to extant literature arguing that higher levels of economic inequality foster both types of entrepreneurship albeit having a stronger impact on necessity entrepreneurship, and that human and financial capital have distinct effects on entry into necessity versus

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Section: Economic Inequality and Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

What motivates entrepreneurial entry under economic inequality? The role of human and financial capital

2015

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“…There is a body of literature linking trends in the average height of a population (or subgroups thereof) with economics and living standard levels (9)(10)(11) . Since the 1980s, the positive trend in average height has slowed down in Central and Northern Europe to a stable mean height of 178-181 cm (12)(13)(14) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trends, regional variation and socio-economic differences in height, BMI and body proportions among German conscripts, 1956–2010

Lehmann

Floris

Woitek

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: We analyse temporal trends and regional variation among the most recent available anthropometric data from German conscription in the years 2008-2010 and their historical contextualization since 1956. Design/setting/subjects: The overall sample included German conscripts (N 13 857 313) from 1956 to 2010. Results: German conscripts changed from growing in height to growing in breadth. Over the analysed 54 years, average height of 19-year-old conscripts increased by 6·5 cm from 173·5 cm in 1956 (birth year 1937) to 180·0 cm in 2010 (birth year 1991). This increase plateaued since the 1990s (1970s birth years). The increase in average weight, however, did not lessen during the last two decades but increased in two steps: at the end of the 1980s and after 1999. The weight and BMI distributions became increasingly right-skewed, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 11·6 % and 2·1 % in 1984 to 19·9 % and 8·5 % in 2010, respectively. The north-south gradient in height (north = taller) persisted during our observations. Height and weight of conscripts from East Germany matched the German average between the early 1990s and 2009. Between the 1980s and the early 1990s, the average chest circumference increased, the average difference between chest circumference when inhaling and exhaling decreased, as did leg length relative to trunk length. Conclusions: Measuring anthropometric data for military conscripts yielded year-by-year monitoring of the health status of young men at a proscribed age. Such findings contribute to a more precise identification of groups at risk and thus help with further studies and to target interventions.

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“…Still, GDP growth is widely used as a progress indicator. There is indeed a strong correlation over time between GDP growth and a range of indicators of welfare such as health, longevity and education (van Zanden et al ., ). As soon as we move from the nominal GDP figures to real GDP, and especially with the use of hedonic price indices, or as soon as we introduce PPP conversions, we are clearly interested in living standards or social welfare in some sense.…”

Section: The Purpose Of the National Accountsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Future of the National Accounts: Statistics and the Democratic Conversation

Coyle

2017

Review of Income and Wealth

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Global well-being since 1820

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

What motivates entrepreneurial entry under economic inequality? The role of human and financial capital

What motivates entrepreneurial entry under economic inequality? The role of human and financial capital

Temporal trends, regional variation and socio-economic differences in height, BMI and body proportions among German conscripts, 1956–2010

The Future of the National Accounts: Statistics and the Democratic Conversation

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