Global water quality changes posing threat of increasing infectious diseases, a case study on malaria vector Anopheles stephensi coping with the water pollutants using age-stage, two-sex life table method

Abstract

Background Water pollution due to uncontrolled release of chemical pollutants is an important global problem. Its effect on medically important insects, especially mosquitoes, is a critical issue in the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In order to understand the effect of water pollutants on the demography of Anopheles stephensi, colonies were reared in clean, moderately and highly polluted water for three consecutive generations at 27 °C, 75% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L:D). The demographic data of the 4th generation of An. stephensi were collected and analysed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), mean fecundity (F) and net reproductive rate (R0) of An. stephensi in clean water were 0.2568 d−1, 1.2927 d−1, 251.72 eggs, and 109.08 offspring, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained in moderately polluted water (r = 0.2302 d−1, λ = 1.2589 d−1, 196.04 eggs, and R0 = 65.35 offspring) and highly polluted water (r = 0.2282 d−1, λ = 1.2564 d−1, 182.45 eggs, and R0 = 62.03 offspring). Female adult longevity in moderately polluted (9.38 days) and highly polluted water (9.88 days) were significantly shorter than those reared in clean water (12.43 days), while no significant difference in the male adult longevity was observed among treatments. Conclusions The results of this study showed that An. stephensi can partially adapt to water pollution and this may be sufficient to extend the range of mosquito-borne diseases.

Effects of Temperature and Nutrition during the Larval Period on Life History Traits in an Invasive Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi

“…Anopheles stephensi Liston is a malaria vector mosquito that originated in Asia and the Middle East [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] and recently spread to the Horn of Africa and other African countries [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Different from other African malaria vector species, it occurs in urban areas where artificial containers are utilized as larval habitats [ 16 ]. Therefore, it is seriously concerned that it may cause the spread of malaria in urban areas or some other environments where malaria infection is not serious [ 13 , 17 ].…”

Effect of larval diets on the life table parameters of dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) using age-stage two sex life table theory

“…Several other researchers reported that if the value of “ R” is greater than 1, the population of the species increases. They further reported that when the value of “ R” is equal to 1, the population of the species remains stable and when this value is less than 1, the population declines and the species goes extinct 44 , 45 . When the quantity of some diet ingredients in Diet 2 was increased (Diet 3) and fed it to larvae of Ae.…”

A regional One Health approach to the risk of invasion byAnopheles stephensiin Mauritius

“…albopictus, An. stephensi is often a container-breeder which oviposits in all kind of water and thrives in urbanized settings (Walker and Lynch, 2007; Hume et al ., 2007; Tadesse et al ., 2019; Fazeli-Dinan et al ., 2022). Vector surveillance at the point of entry must target dispersal routes on a global and continental scale, but also on a local scale (Swan et al .…”