Global warming is shifting the relationships between fire weather and realized fire-induced CO2 emissions in Europe

Carnicer, Jofre; Alegría, Andrés; Giannakopoulos, Christos; Giuseppe, Francesca Di; Karali, Anna; Koutsias, Nikos; Lionello, Piero; Parrington, Mark; Vitolo, Claudia

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14480-8

Cited by 64 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…As continued increases in summer aridity are projected for Europe (Balting et al, 2022), we conclude that the stable development of area burned observed for Europe over the past decades will likely change to increased fire activity in the near future. Forest management and policy in Europe thus need to prepare for a future with larger and more severe fires, and develop strategies to mitigate fire-related impacts on forest carbon (Carnicer et al, 2022), resilience (Turner et al, 2022) and biodiversity (Palm et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussion and Con Clus I On Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe

Grünig

Seidl

Senf

2022

Global Change Biology

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Seidl & Turner, 2022). Increasing summer aridity has been suggested as a main driver of changing forest fire regimes (Huang et al., 2020;Jolly et al., 2015;Williams et al., 2019). For instance, increasing aridity and the resultant dryer fuels led to a fivefold increase in area burned in California over the past 50 years (Williams et al., 2019).Extreme events like the Black Summer of 2019/2020 in Australia are expected to become more frequent (Abram et al., 2021) as increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns promote more extreme fire weather (Chiang et al., 2021;Jain et al., 2022;Vicente-Serrano et al., 2020). Increasing forest fire activity could have a number of negative effects on forest ecosystem functions, including a reduction in ecosystem carbon storage (Bowman et al., 2021;

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Section: Discussion and Con Clus I On Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe

Grünig

Seidl

Senf

2022

Global Change Biology

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“…In the maritime pine forest, the average seasonal FWI is expected to almost double, from an average of 11. the values obtained for this year, which was marked by many large fires in the North of the country. Impacts on fire-induced CO2 emissions might in addition shift toward more emitting fire events (Carnicer et al, 2022).…”

Section: Biomass-based Vulnerability Assessment Redefines the 2022 Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution data reveal a surge of biomass loss from temperate and Atlantic pine forests, seizing the 2022 fire season distinctiveness in France

Vallet

Schwartz

Ciais

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The frequency and intensity of summer droughts and heat waves in Western Europe have been increasing, raising concerns about the emergence of fire hazard in less fire prone areas. This exposure of old-growth forests hosting unadapted tree species may cause disproportionately large biomass losses compared to those observed in frequently burned Mediterranean ecosystems. Therefore, analyzing fire seasons from the perspective of exposed burned areas alone is insufficient, we must also consider impacts on biomass loss. In this study, we focus on the exceptional 2022 summer fire season in France and use very high-resolution (10 m) satellite data to calculate the burned area, tree height at the national level, and the subsequent ecological impact based on biomass loss during fires. Our high resolution semi-automated detection estimated 42,520 ha of burned area, compared to the 66,393 ha estimated by the European automated remote sensing detection system (EFFIS), including 48,330 ha actually occurring in forests. We show that Mediterranean forests had a lower biomass loss than in previous years, whereas there was a drastic increase in burned area and biomass loss over the Atlantic pine forests and temperate forests. High biomass losses in the Atlantic pine forests were driven by the large burned area (28,600 ha in 2022 vs. 494 ha yr−1 in 2006–2021 period) but mitigated by a low exposed tree biomass mostly located on intensive management areas. Conversely, biomass loss in temperate forests was abnormally high due to both a 15-fold increase in burned area compared to previous years (3,300 ha in 2022 vs. 216 ha in the 2006–2021 period) and a high tree biomass of the forests which burned. Overall, the biomass loss (i.e. wood biomass dry weight) was 0.25 Mt in Mediterranean forests and shrublands, 1.74 Mt in the Atlantic pine forest, and 0.57 Mt in temperate forests, amounting to a total loss of 2.553 Mt, equivalent to a 17 % increase of the average natural mortality of all French forests, as reported by the national inventory. A comparison of biomass loss between our estimates and global biomass/burned areas data indicates that higher resolution improves the identification of small fire patches, reduces the commission errors with a more accurate delineation of the perimeter of each fire, and increases the biomass affected. This study paves the way for the development of low-latency, high-accuracy assessment of biomass losses and fire patch contours to deliver a more informative impact-based characterization of each fire year.

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“…The development of efficient separation technology is urgently required to capture CO 2 from ue gas and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. [1][2][3] In addition, CH 4 /N 2 separation is also challenging but needed in the upgrading of unconventional natural gas. 4 Membrane-based separation technology offers signicant merits over other gas separation technologies, including energy efficiency, low cost, and simple process design, and thus shows broad prospects in industrial gas separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%