Global Warming: Energy, Environmental Pollution, and the Impact of Power Electronics

Bose, B.K.

doi:10.1109/mie.2010.935860

Cited by 448 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Due to its outstanding optical properties, ZnO is widely considered as a possible alternative to GaN. 1 However, the implementation of ZnO-based devices strongly depends on the progress in mastering band gap engineering and p-type doping. Indeed, by mixing ZnO ͑E g Ӎ 3.37 eV͒ with MgO ͑E g ϳ 7.8 eV͒ in a controlled way, the band gap of ZnMgO alloys can be tuned allowing for optoelectronic applications in the deep uv and also for fabrication of hetero-and quantum-well structures, high electron mobility transistors, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculated energy levels for V Zn are spread in a range from 0.18 to 0.87 eV. 1,14 In our model, we consider V Zn states at E V + 0.6 eV to account for the observed position of the DL4 band. Both Zn i and V Zn levels are positioned relatively shallow in the band gap ͑see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is commonly agreed that further development of renewable energy sources is crucial to satisfy the energy needs of our society in an environmentally friendly way. At the same time, saving energy and efficient energy utilization is equally important [1,2]. For example, recent studies show that replacing traditional incandescent light bulbs by light emitting diodes (LEDs) saves ∼ 15% of the grid energy [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO

Trunk

Venkatachalapathy

Galeckas

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in a wide range of products for many years, including, among others, varistors, surface acoustic wave devices and cosmetics. Besides these established applications, ZnO and its ternary alloys are now also being considered as potential materials for optoelectronic applications, such as light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, sensors, displays, etc. Unlike other materials, which could be used alternatively, ZnO has the advantage of being inexpensive, chemically stable and relatively plentiful. In spite of the long research history, fabrication of defect free ternary alloys and stable p-type ZnO is still challenging. The aim of this work was therefore to provide a better understanding of ZnO ternary alloys, so that -based on the gained knowledge -their optical properties can be further improved and, in a second step, optoelectronic applications based on these materials can soon be commercialized. The work carried out in this thesis was two-fold: the first part aimed at identifying the origin of defect related luminescence phenomena in ZnMgO, and the second part was dedicated to the exploration of a novel ZnCdO-based heterostructure photovoltaic applications.In the case of ZnMgO, luminescence properties of deep level defects were studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and a model was proposed to explain the changes in the deep band emission with increasing Mg content. In this model, the observed trends can be understood by considering interaction of native zinc and oxygen defects of the ZnO sublattice with Mg interstitials (Mg i ). In summary, the deep level bands at 3.0 and 2.8 eV, which show a blueshift with increasing Mg content, were assigned to free-to-bound type transitions between zinc interstitials (Zn i ) with the valence band edge and between the conduction band edge with zinc vacancies (V Zn ), respectively. A red band at 2.0 eV, which does not show an apparent shift of the peak energy for increasing Mg content, is associated with the oxygen vacancies (V O ). Two luminescence bands at 2.3 and 2.5 eV, which are redshifted for higher Mg concentrations, were assigned to transitions between zinc and oxygen interstitials and between zinc interstitials and zinc vacancies, respectively. The redshift is interpreted in terms of a competing supply of electrons from slightly deeper Mg i donor states. The ZnMgO band gap diagram, which the model is based on, has contributed to gain valuable information about the nature of the deep defects both in ZnO and ZnMgO and is therefore of fundamental interest.In the second part of this work, focused on ZnCdO, a stacked heterostructure was designed for iii iv Abstract application in a photoelectrochemical cell, which is used for hydrogen production by photoelectrolysis using the semiconductor as an absorber. Optical and photoelectrochemical measurements led to the conclusion that the optical emission band for the ZnCdO heterostructures is broadened compared to a ZnO single layer. The broadened emission could be explained by combined ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO

Trunk

Venkatachalapathy

Galeckas

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In order to meet the ever-increasing energy demand, researchers investigate new research areas [1]: discovering new energy sources, distributed and renewable energy integration and energy saving programs by encouraging customers through demand side management (DSM) and demand response (DR) programs. Utilities participate in DSM programs to improve power system stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Optimization in Smart Homes Using Customer Preference and Dynamic Pricing

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In this paper, we present an energy optimization technique to schedule three types of household appliances (user dependent, interactive schedulable and unschedulable) in response to the dynamic behaviours of customers, electricity prices and weather conditions. Our optimization technique schedules household appliances in real time to optimally control their energy consumption, such that the electricity bills of end users are reduced while not compromising on user comfort. More specifically, we use the binary multiple knapsack problem formulation technique to design an objective function, which is solved via the constraint optimization technique. Simulation results show that average aggregated energy savings with and without considering the human presence control system are 11.77% and 5.91%, respectively.

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“…Global warming is the usually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels [2]. There has been a rise in the global average surface temperature between 0.6 to 10 degrees Celsius for last hundred years [1] [2]. This is usually caused by green house effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Global Warming by using Renewable Energy Resource (Solar PV) in Awka, South East, Nigeria

Ike¹

2013

IOSRJEN

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-Global warming is the recent challenge to the world. Governments of various countries in the world, at this time, are concentrating on the methods of reducing it. Both developed and developing countries like Nigeria are using fossil fuels in large quantity to meet their energy demands. The burning of fossil fuel produces CO 2 . The emission of CO 2 in atmosphere is highly responsible for global warming. In this paper we discussed how we can combat global warming in Africa using renewabla energy resources (especially solar PV cells). This paper focuses on the installation of a 1KW monocrystalline panels which generate between 136 and 150V on a good sunny day. We do store the generated power in our deep cycle Trojan batteries connected in series. We used a MPPT charge controller of 80 Amps to regulate the charging of the batteries. With the circuit breakers connected in the circuit and switches to the load (6 LED security lights) we do monitor for the effective use of the security lights at night. The PV cells were installed facing due South at an inclination of 6.3 o which is equal to the latitude of Awka in Anambra State, Nigeria.

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Global Warming: Energy, Environmental Pollution, and the Impact of Power Electronics

Cited by 448 publications

References 13 publications

Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO

Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO

Energy Optimization in Smart Homes Using Customer Preference and Dynamic Pricing

Mitigation of Global Warming by using Renewable Energy Resource (Solar PV) in Awka, South East, Nigeria

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