Global visual confidence

Lee, Alan; Gardelle, Vincent de; Mamassian, Pascal

doi:10.3758/s13423-020-01869-7

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Replicating ours and others' previous studies we found that task choices were sensitive to fluctuations in performance 8,9,25 , an effect that remained when controlling for self-esteem level. Note that unlike when making task ratings, the need to make binary task choices forces participants to separate between higher and lower self-performance estimates, even if self-performance on both tasks are close at the end of a block.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…We capitalized on a large dataset from a well-characterized community sample of adolescents and emerging adults (N=2,402; aged 14 to 24 at first measurement) that reported on their self-esteem across 1-3 measurements spanning 4.5 years. We selected low and high self-esteem participants (aged [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] from the larger sample based on consistently scoring within the bottom, or top, 10% of a selfesteem distribution so as to maximize power for detecting individual differences due to self-esteem 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low self-esteem and the formation of global self-performance estimates in emerging adulthood

Rouault¹,

Will²,

Fleming³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High self-esteem, an overall positive evaluation of self-worth, is a cornerstone of mental health. Previously we showed that people with low self-esteem differentially construct beliefs about momentary self-worth derived from social feedback. However, it remains unknown whether these anomalies extend to constructing beliefs about self-performance in a non-social context, in the absence of external feedback. Here, we examined this question using a novel behavioral paradigm probing subjects’ self-performance estimates with or without external feedback. We analyzed data from young adults (N=57) who were selected from a larger community sample (N=2,402) on the basis of occupying the bottom or top 10% of a reported self-esteem distribution. Participants performed a series of short blocks involving two perceptual decision-making tasks with varying degrees of difficulty, with or without feedback. At the end of each block, they had to decide on which task they thought they performed best, and gave subjective task ratings, providing two measures of self-performance estimates. We found no robust evidence of differences in objective performance between high and low self-esteem participants. Nevertheless, low self-esteem participants consistently underestimated their performance as expressed in lower subjective task ratings. These results provide an initial window onto how cognitive processes underpinning the construction of self-performance estimates across different contexts map on to global dispositions relevant to mental health, such as self-esteem.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low self-esteem and the formation of global self-performance estimates in emerging adulthood

Rouault¹,

Will²,

Fleming³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whereas local confidence refers to the confidence of an observer in a single trial, global confidence refers to the estimate of one's performance over an entire task or session. This line of research found that humans indeed are able to compute an estimate of global confidence and that this estimate is based on an integration of confidence information across multiple decisions (47), as also proposed in this work. Moreover, local subjective confidence ratings were found to predict global self-beliefs over and above objective performance (45), emphasizing that global confidence is based on internal and not external performance evaluation.…”

Section: Relationship Between Reward-based and Confidence-based Learningsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Our notion that observers maintain an estimate of expected confidence is very similar to the idea of global confidence put forward in perceptual metacognition research (45)(46)(47). Whereas local confidence refers to the confidence of an observer in a single trial, global confidence refers to the estimate of one's performance over an entire task or session.…”

Section: Relationship Between Reward-based and Confidence-based Learningmentioning

confidence: 62%

The value of confidence: Confidence prediction errors drive value-based learning in the absence of external feedback

Ptasczynski¹,

Steinecker²,

Sterzer³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reinforcement learning algorithms have a long-standing success story in explaining the dynamics of instrumental conditioning in humans and other species. While normative reinforcement learning models are critically dependent on external feedback, recent findings in the field of perceptual learning point to a crucial role of internally-generated reinforcement signals based on subjective confidence, when external feedback is not available. Here, we investigated the existence of such confidence-based learning signals in a key domain of reinforcement-based learning: instrumental conditioning. We conducted a value-based decision making experiment which included phases with and without external feedback and in which participants reported their confidence in addition to choices. Behaviorally, we found signatures of self-reinforcement in phases without feedback, reflected in an increase of subjective confidence and choice consistency. To clarify the mechanistic role of confidence in value-based learning, we compared a family of confidence-based learning models with more standard models predicting either no change in value estimates or a devaluation over time when no external reward is provided. We found that confidence-based models indeed outperformed these reference models, whereby the learning signal of the winning model was based on the prediction error between current confidence and a stimulus-unspecific average of previous confidence levels. Interestingly, individuals with more volatile reward-based value updates in the presence of feedback also showed more volatile confidence-based value updates when feedback was not available. Together, our results provide evidence that confidence-based learning signals affect instrumentally learned subjective values in the absence of external feedback.

show abstract

“…The findings reported in the current work address the computation of so-called “local” decision confidence. In recent years, interest is growing into the computation of “global” decision confidence, that is confidence at the task level (often referred to as global performance estimates; Rouault et al 2019; Lee et al, 2021). Global confidence is the general, subjective feeling that subjects have about their ability to perform a task, spanning a broader timescale than trial-specific local confidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating prior beliefs causally induces under- and overconfidence

Marcke

Denmat

Verguts

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Making a decision is invariably accompanied by a sense of confidence in that decision. There is widespread variability in the exact level of confidence, even for tasks that do not differ in objective difficulty. Such expressions of under- and overconfidence are of vital importance, as they are related to fundamental life outcomes. Yet, a clear account regarding the computational mechanisms underlying under- and overconfidence is currently missing. In the current work, we propose that prior beliefs in the ability to perform a task can explain why confidence can differ dramatically despite similar task performance. In two experiments, we provide evidence for this hypothesis by showing that manipulating prior beliefs about task performance in an induction phase causally influences reported levels of confidence in a testing phase, while leaving actual performance unaffected. This is true both when prior beliefs are influenced via manipulated feedback and by manipulating the difficulty of the task during the training phase. These results are accounted for within an accumulation-to-bound model by assuming an additional parameter controlling prior beliefs about task performance. Our results provide a fundamental mechanistic insight into the computations underlying over- and underconfidence.

show abstract

Global visual confidence

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Low self-esteem and the formation of global self-performance estimates in emerging adulthood

Low self-esteem and the formation of global self-performance estimates in emerging adulthood

The value of confidence: Confidence prediction errors drive value-based learning in the absence of external feedback

Manipulating prior beliefs causally induces under- and overconfidence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About