Global View of HIV Prevalence in Prisons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sayyah, Mehdi; Rahim, Fakher; Kayedani, Gholam Abbas; Shirbandi, Kiarash; Saki-Malehi, Amal

doi:10.18502/ijph.v48i2.816

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In 2012, HIV prevalence in prison populations was 41% in South Africa, 28% in Cote d I’voire, 27% in Zambia, and in Zimbabwe it was suggested that more than half of prisoners were HIV infected [ 3 ]. Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis of global and cross-country prevalence of HIV among prisoners showed that HIV prevalence was highest in Africa [ 4 ]. Factors believed to be contributing to high HIV prevalence in prisons are overcrowding, limited access to health care, intravenous drug use and unsafe injecting practices, sexual violence, unprotected sex and tattooing [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prisoners’ access to HIV services in southern Malawi: a cross-sectional mixed methods study

et al. 2021

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Background The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among prisoners remains high in many countries, especially in Africa, despite a global decrease in HIV incidence. Programs to reach incarcerated populations with HIV services have been implemented in Malawi, but the success of these initiatives is uncertain. We explored which challenges prisoners face in receiving essential HIV services and whether HIV risk behavior is prevalent in prisons. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative), cross-sectional study in 2018 in six prisons in Southern Malawi, two large central prisons with on-site, non-governmental organization (NGO) supported clinics and 4 smaller rural prisons. Four hundred twelve prisoners were randomly selected and completed a structured questionnaire. We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 prisoners living with HIV, which we recorded, transcribed and translated. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Results The majority of prisoners (93.2%) were male, 61.4% were married and 63.1% were incarcerated for 1–5 years. Comprehensive services were reported to be available in the two large, urban prisons. Female prisoners reported having less access to general medical services than males. HIV risk behavior was reported infrequently and was associated with incarceration in urban prisons (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 18.43; 95% confidence interval [95%-CI] 7.59–44.74; p = < 0.001) and not being married (aOR 17.71; 95%-CI 6.95–45.13; p = < 0.001). In-depth interviews revealed that prisoners living with HIV experienced delays in referrals for more severe illnesses. Prisoners emphasized the detrimental impact of poor living conditions on their personal health and their ability to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conclusions Malawian prisoners reported adequate knowledge about HIV services albeit with gaps in specific areas. Prisoners from smaller, rural prisons had suboptimal access to comprehensive HIV services and female prisoners reported having less access to health care than males. Prisoners have great concern about their poor living conditions affecting general health and adherence to ART. These findings provide guidance for improvement of HIV services and general health care in Malawian institutionalized populations such as prisoners.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prisoners’ access to HIV services in southern Malawi: a cross-sectional mixed methods study

et al. 2021

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“…South and Southeast Asia placed the third rank of the highest HIV/AIDS incidence after the states of sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa in 2012, as 3.9 million people were living with HIV and 270,000 people becoming newly [343]. Interestingly, HIV prevalence among prisoners has been reported to vary between different countries from 0%-2% in Australia to 2% in America, 11% in Latin American countries, 10% in the Middle East, and 20% in African countries [344]. In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) transmission has surpassed both injection drug use and blood donors and has become the major HIV transmission route, rose from 44.3% in 2008 to 63.5% in 2012 and to 71.3% in 2015 in Nanjing [345].…”

Section: Hiv/aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacists in Chronic Care

Mohiuddin¹

2019

GJMR

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Pharmacy practice has changed significantly lately. The professionals have the chance to contribute straightforwardly to patient consideration so as to lessen morbimortality identified with medication use, promoting wellbeing and preventing diseases. Healthcare organizations worldwide are under substantial pressure from increasing patient demand. Unfortunately, a cure is not always possible particularly in this era of chronic complications, and the role of physicians has become limited to controlling and palliating symptoms.The increasing population of patients with longterm conditions are associated with high levels of morbidity, healthcare costs and GP workloads. Clinical pharmacy took over an aspect of medical care that had been partially abandoned by physicians. Overburdened by patient loads and the explosion of new drugs, physicians turned to pharmacists more and more for drug information, especially within institutional settings. Once relegated to counting and pouring, pharmacists headed institutional reviews of drug utilization and served as consultants to all types of health-care facilities. In addition, when clinical pharmacists are active members of the care team, they enhance proficiency by: Providing critical input on medicine use and dosing. Working with patients to solve problems with their medications and improve compliance.

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“…The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in prison populations of SSA countries is much higher than in the general population [ 5 – 7 ], with prevalences up to 13 times higher reported in some countries [ 5 ]. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of HIV in prison populations is more than four times higher than in the general population [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Various structural factors influenced early antiretroviral therapy initiation amongst HIV infected prisoners: a qualitative exploration in South Ethiopia

2021

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Background Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), non-AIDS related comorbidities and mortality, and prevents transmission. However, the prevalence of delayed ART initiation amongst prisoners in sub-Saharan African countries is high and the contributing factors to this are relatively unknown. Methods Qualitative interviewing was employed to understand the prisoners’ lived world with regard to initiating ART and associated barriers and facilitators in the South Ethiopian prison system. We interviewed seven (five male and two female) inmates living with HIV (ILWH) and eleven stakeholders who had a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care provision for incarcerated people. A phenomenological approach was used to analyse the interview data in which meaning attributed to the lived experiences of the participants was abstracted. Results In this study, participants discussed both barriers to, and facilitators of, early ART initiation during incarceration. The barriers included a lack of access to voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services, poor linkage to care due to insufficient health staff training, uncooperative prison security systems and loss of privacy regarding disclosure of HIV status. Insufficient health staff training and uncooperative prison security systems both contributed to a loss of patient privacy, ultimately resulting in treatment refusal. Although most participants described the importance of peer education and support for enhancing HIV testing and treatment programs amongst prisoners, there had been a decline in such interventions in the correctional facilities. Service providers suggested opportunities that a prison environment offers for identification and treatment of HIV infected individuals and implementation of peer education programs. Conclusions Our study identified crucial barriers to and facilitators of early ART initiation amongst prisoners, a key HIV priority population group. Interventions that address the barriers while strengthening the facilitators may enhance a greater utilisation of ART.

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Global View of HIV Prevalence in Prisons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Prisoners’ access to HIV services in southern Malawi: a cross-sectional mixed methods study

Prisoners’ access to HIV services in southern Malawi: a cross-sectional mixed methods study

Clinical Pharmacists in Chronic Care

Various structural factors influenced early antiretroviral therapy initiation amongst HIV infected prisoners: a qualitative exploration in South Ethiopia

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