Global value chains and female employment: The evidence from Vietnam

Pham, Linh Thuy; Jinjarak, Yothin

doi:10.1111/twec.13320

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…A related issue concerns the global value chain (GVC). Studies have documented a higher presence of female than male workers in GVCs than elsewhere (Pham & Jinjarak, 2022;Rocha & Winkler, 2019;World Bank, 2020b). One reason for this could be that GVCs in developing countries are typically involved in tasks that are routine and low-skilled, requiring dexterity of work and nimble fingers (the "task trade" theory), in which females have a comparative advantage over males.…”

Section: Baseline Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export intensity and its effect on women's employment

Amin

Islam

2023

Kyklos

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Using firm‐level survey data for 29,962 manufacturing firms in 141 developing and emerging countries, the impact of exports (as a percentage of sales) on the share of female workers at the firm is estimated. The impact is positive, large, and statistically significant. For the baseline specification, moving from a firm that does not export to one that does all its sales abroad is associated with a 6.6 percentage point increase in the share of female workers. This positive relationship is much stronger when competition in the domestic markets is low, social attitudes and mobility laws are more favorable to women's work outside the home, and the law‐and‐order situation is better. We argue that these heterogeneities serve as important checks against endogeneity concerns. We also provide results using the average share of exports in a country–industry cell as an instrument. The policy implications of our findings are discussed in detail.

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Section: Baseline Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export intensity and its effect on women's employment

Amin

Islam

2023

Kyklos

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“…Existing studies have shown that trade can improve gender equality by increasing competition between firms and reducing gender-based discrimination (Black and Brainerd, 2004;Ederington et al, 2009;Juhn et al, 2013;Aguayo-Tellez et al, 2014), as well as by encouraging firms to undertake technological upgrading (Juhn et al, 2014) that favours female workers with comparative advantage in brain-based work. Pham and Jinjarak (2023) suggests that integration in global value chains is correlated with higher female employment across small and medium firms in Vietnam, but that this is driven by unskilled workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade Policy and Jobs in Vietnam: The Unintended Consequences of Trump’s Trade War

Rotunno¹,

Roy²,

Sakakibara³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We use the US-China trade war as an exogenous shock to export opportunities in Vietnam and examine its effect on Vietnam’s exports and labor markets. We find that Vietnamese exports to the US were around 40 percent higher in 2020 relative to 2017 in sectors hit by US tariffs on Chinese products. This increase is driven by both new export product varieties and increased exports in existing categories. This expansion in export opportunities led to job creation and increased working hours in affected sectors relative to non-affected ones. It also led to an increase in wages, even more so for women workers.

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Global agricultural value chains and employment growth

Lim

Kim

2022

J of Agr & App Econ Assoc

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This paper provides evidence on the job creation effects in response to the expansion of agricultural global value chains (AGVCs) in agrarian economies. By using a constructed panel data set of 140 countries for the period 1991 − 2015, we find that a greater AGVC participation is associated with an increase in agricultural employment growth. We uncover evidence that the positive job creation impact is mainly driven by the processed food sector downstream of GVCs rather than the raw commodity sector upstream of GVCs. We find substantial heterogeneity of impacts that are more pronounced in lower-middle and high-income countries than in lowincome countries.

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Global value chains and female employment: The evidence from Vietnam

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Export intensity and its effect on women's employment

Export intensity and its effect on women's employment

Trade Policy and Jobs in Vietnam: The Unintended Consequences of Trump’s Trade War

Global agricultural value chains and employment growth

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