Global trends and projections for tobacco use, 1990–2025: an analysis of smoking indicators from the WHO Comprehensive Information Systems for Tobacco Control

Bilano, Ver; Gilmour, Stuart; Moffiet, Trevor; d’Espaignet, Edouard Tursan; Stevens, Gretchen A; Commar, Alison; Tuyl, Frank; Hudson, Irene L.; Shibuya, Kenji

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60264-1

Cited by 393 publications

(321 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Further studies are need to unravel the underlying causes of this troubling phenomena. The improvements in mean blood pressure and blood cholesterol may reflect the healthy trends in the US population, including decreases in the proportion of dietary saturated fat; increases in fruits and vegetables and the proportion of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats in the diet34, 35, 36, 37; decreased smoking38, 39, 40; and increased awareness, identification, and pharmacological treatment of high cholesterol and blood pressure levels 25, 41…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Obese Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988–2014

Guo

Garvey

2016

JAHA

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BackgroundNo study has quantified trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular health metrics among obese people in the United States in recent years.Methods and ResultsWe examined the secular changes in cardiovascular health metrics and key cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese adults (aged ≥20 years) in the United States. We included 18 626 obese adults (body mass index ≥30) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999–2014. Among those obese adults, there were decreases in mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels and increases in mean high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and mean hemoglobin A1c levels. Prevalence of blood pressure health and lipid health remained stable during the period 1988–2014, whereas prevalence of blood glucose health decreased significantly during this period. Prevalence of freedom from cardiovascular disease risk factors remained stable at ≈15% among the adult obese population during the period 1988–2014, whereas prevalence of presence of all 3 risk factors increased from 16.4% to 22.4% during this period, commensurate with a decline in those with 1 to 2 risk factors (from 69.6% to 62.4%).ConclusionsDuring the past 3 decades, blood pressure health and blood lipid health remained stable or improved, whereas blood glucose health deteriorated among adult obese population. This resulted in an overall decrease in cardiovascular health status among obese adults and greater risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data argue for interventions targeted to those obese persons who are metabolically unhealthy to stem rising rates of diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Obese Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988–2014

Guo

Garvey

2016

JAHA

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“…Hier sind unbedingt weitere Arbeiten erforderlich, die die frühen Lebensereignisse beleuchten, die zur Entwicklung einer COPD beitragen, damit wir die Krankheit besser im Frühstadium erkennen und innerhalb dieser Gruppe diejenigen Patienten identifizieren und entsprechend behandeln können, bei denen eine schnelle Verschlechterung der Lungenfunktion besonders wahrscheinlich ist. Und nicht zuletzt liegt eine enorme Herausforderung in der Vermeidung der für COPD so offensichtlich ursächlichen Umweltfaktoren (insbesondere das Rauchen und die Nutzung von Biomasse-Brennstoffen) [61,62]. Ein Forschungsgebiet der Zukunft ist auch das Potenzial für die Lungenregeneration durch den Einsatz von mesenchymalen Stammzellen.…”

Section: Ungedeckter Bedarf Und Personalisierung Der Patientenversorgunclassified

Personalisierte Medizin bei Asthma und chronisch-obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung

Heaney¹,

McGarvey²

2018

Kompass Pneumol

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Asthma und chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD) sind weit verbreitete Erkrankungen, und trotz der jüngsten Fortschritte und der vielen verfügbaren Therapien und Interventionen besteht weiterhin ein hohes Maß an ungedecktem klinischem Bedarf. In den letzten Jahren ist klar geworden, dass beide Entitäten einerseits in sich hochgradig heterogen sind und andererseits untereinander signifikante Überschneidungen bei vielen der klinischen und entzündlichen Merkmale aufweisen. Parallel dazu sind heute sowohl für Asthma als auch für COPD aussagekräftige klinische und immunologische Biomarker bekannt, die Aufschluss über die Prognose und das zu erwartende Therapieansprechen geben. Diese Biomarker ermöglichen sowohl eine bessere zielgerichtete Auswahl bestehender Therapieoptionen als auch die Identifizierung geeigneter Kandidaten für die neuartigen Therapien, die jetzt verfügbar werden. Biomarker werden auch die Identifizierung neuer therapeutischer Zielstrukturen für die zukünftige Entwicklung erleichtern. Eine präzisionsmedizinische Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Atemwegserkrankungen ist jetzt möglich, dies ist ein zentraler Baustein für die personalisierte Medizin bei Asthma und COPD. Übersetzung aus Respiration 2017;93:153-161 (DOI: 10.1159/000455395)

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“…Clearly, more work is needed to understand the early life events which contribute to the development of COPD and to improve our ability to identify early disease and within that group select and treat those most likely to suffer rapid lung function decline. Finally, the challenge of avoiding the environmental factors (notably cigarette smoking and burning of biomass fuels) so obviously causative in COPD is enormous [61,62]. An emerging area of interest is the potential for lung regeneration through the use of mesenchymal stem cells.…”

Section: Linking Unmet Need and Personalised Treatment In Airways Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalised Medicine for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Heaney

McGarvey²

2017

Respiration

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Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prevalent conditions, and despite recent advances and multiple available therapies and interventions, there remains a significant unmet clinical need. In recent years, it has become clear that there is both significant heterogeneity within each of these conditions and additionally significant overlap in many of the clinical and inflammatory features. In parallel, useful clinical and immunological biomarkers which inform about prognosis and response to therapy have emerged in both asthma and COPD. These biomarkers will allow both better targeting of existing treatments and the identification of those patients who will respond to novel therapies which are now becoming available. Biomarkers will also facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for future development. Delivery of precision medicine in airways disease is now feasible and is a core component of a personalised healthcare delivery in asthma and COPD.

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Global trends and projections for tobacco use, 1990–2025: an analysis of smoking indicators from the WHO Comprehensive Information Systems for Tobacco Control

Cited by 393 publications

References 21 publications

Trends in Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Obese Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988–2014

Trends in Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Obese Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988–2014

Personalisierte Medizin bei Asthma und chronisch-obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung

Personalised Medicine for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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