Global transportation of green hydrogen via liquid carriers: economic and environmental sustainability analysis, policy implications, and future directions

Abstract

Green H2 is considered as one of the most promising options for achieving a net-zero emission economy, but its low volumetric density presents significant challenges. A large-scale H2 delivery infrastructure is evaluated by investigating six carriers.

Towards a low-carbon future: exploring green urea synthesis for sustainable agriculture

“…Hydrogen production is the leading contributor to the environmental burden in most indicators due to energy-intensive electrolysis, consuming 52.2 kW per kg of hydrogen. 12,30,31 Therefore, the primary cause of the environmental burden is the production of solar panels/windmills, inverters, and mountings to generate a significant amount of electricity for the electrolyzer. The use of copper, aluminum, and steel in inverter production and electrical installations, and for constructing mounting systems significantly contributes to the environmental impact, resulting in high abiotic depletion potential, and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential indicators.…”

Hydrogen society: from present to future

“…5a). 151 Ammonia and methanol are widely recognized carriers, and some other liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), such as benzene and naphthalene, are still being researched. Increasing the hydrogen storage capacity and decreasing the (de)hydrogenation temperature of carriers are the targets for material selection and development.…”

Recent advances in nitrogen-doped graphene-based heterostructures and composites: mechanism and active sites for electrochemical ORR and HER

“…as hydrogen, methanol, ammonia and methyl cyclohexane, are considered promising candidates. [12][13][14][15][16] Regarding sustainable energy, the electrochemical splitting of water using fuel cells is important technology to address issues related to energy. Based on the natural abundance of water and high energy density of hydrogen, electrochemical water splitting has attracted significant interest.…”