Global transcriptional differences in myokine and inflammatory genes in muscle of mature steer progeny are related to maternal lactation diet and muscle composition

Abstract

Steer progeny suckled by cows fed a dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS) diet the first 3 mo of lactation were heavier during feedlot finishing and had significantly lower marbling and larger longissimus muscles than steers suckled by cows fed a control diet (CON). These differences were profound in that progeny were managed and fed identically from weaning until finishing, and findings suggest that the suckling period established the developmental program of muscle composition. Here transcriptomes of longissimus muscle were measured by next-generation sequencing to investigate whether there were any developmental clues to the differences in marbling scores and muscle content between steers suckled by DDGS ( n = 5) vs. control (CON; n = 5) diet-fed cows during lactation. There were 809 genes differentially expressed ( P-adj<0.1) between CON and DDGS muscle. Of these 636 were upregulated and 173 downregulated in DDGS relative to CON. Overall the DDGS vs. CON muscle transcriptomic signature was promyogenic and antiadipogenic. In particular, myokines/satellite cell maintenance factors were found among upregulated (LIF, CNTF, FGFB1, EPHB1) genes. The antiadipogenic signature was typified by the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and receptors (IL1RAP, IL1RL2, IL13RA2, IL1F10), and downregulation of expression of inflammation/inflammatory cytokines and receptor (TNF, IL6R, CXCL9), which suggests a selection of differentiation pathways away from adipogenic line. The upregulation of TGFB, SPP1, and INHBA supports selection of fibroblast lineage of cells. Thus, the lactation phase of production can effect meat quality by affecting transcriptional signatures that favor myogenesis and depress inflammation.

Molecular signatures of muscle growth and composition deciphered by the meta-analysis of age-related public transcriptomics data

“…In agreement with these various signaling mechanisms related to an increased lipid deposition with age, we reported an overexpression of TNF-␤I mRNA in 0.62 compared with 0.22 DoM bovines. In bovine muscle, decreased abundance of TNF-␤I mRNA was associated with increased longissimus muscle area and decreased marbling (13).…”

Low colostrum intake results in potential accumulation of peroxisome lipid substrates in vaginal tissue of 3-week-old gilts

“…Perinatal nutritional exposures establish trajectories of growth and development that are carried through to maturity, and reflect long-term phenotype including tissue composition, feed efficiency and reproductive performance of swine ( Bartol et al, 2013 ; Oster et al, 2012 ; Casey et al, 2018b ; Suarez-Trujillo et al, 2019 ). During lactation, the mother delivers time-dependent signals through milk that regulate and program growth and development of the neonate.…”