Global trade drives transboundary transfer of the health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions

Abstract

International trade leads to a redistribution of pollutant emissions related to the production of goods and services and subsequently affects their severe health impacts. Here, we present a framework of emissions inventories, input-output model, numerical atmospheric chemistry model, and estimates of the global burden of disease. Specifically, we assess emissions and health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a carcinogenic byproduct of production activities, and consider income, production, final sale, and consumption stages of the global supply chain between 2012 and 2015. We find that in 2015, global anthropogenic PAH emissions were 304 Gg (95% CI: 213~421 Gg) and estimated related lifetime lung cancer deaths were 6.9 × 104 (95% CI: 1.8 × 104~1.5 × 105 deaths). The role of trade in driving the PAH-related health risks was greater than that in driving the emissions. Our findings indicate that international cooperation is needed to optimise the global supply chains and mitigate PAH emissions and health impacts.

Analysing Urban Flooding Risk with CMIP5 and CMIP6 Climate Projections

“…On the basis of past study findings and the parameter summary presented in Table 3, variables deeply linked to the correlations and pattern of measured precipitation and the projected precipitation of CMIP5 and CMIP6 were considered. This research used the percentage impervious [50,53], and the manning coefficient [50,53,54] in the calibration, and these parameters were carefully modified throughout the model calibration stage [55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. The schematic diagram of each sub-catchment and corresponding area is presented in the Figure 3 and detail framework for the research is showed in the Figure 4.…”

Comparative Analysis of Trade’s Impact on Agricultural Carbon Emissions in China and the United States

“…Since the input-output model can measure the embodied pollution emissions (including embodied carbon) in a country's foreign trade through the construction of an input-output model, it can elucidate the amount of pollutant emissions generated in the process of a country or a region participating in different trade activities [21]. This model has been widely used in the study of the impact of international trade on carbon emis-sions [22][23][24][25][26][27]. Input-output models can be divided into single-region models (SRIO) and multi-region models (MRIO).…”

Colorimetric Detection of Acenaphthene and Naphthalene Using Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

“…As seen from the global PAH production data in the report of Li et al [ 6 ], the final consumption quantity is recognized as a factor driving worldwide PAH-related health impacts. Huge differences in PAH production and health impacts between regions can be observed.…”

“…Huge differences in PAH production and health impacts between regions can be observed. According to these production data, the health-affected regions of China, India, and the rest of Asia produce more PAH emissions than developed regions, such as the USA, Western Europe, and East Asia [ 6 ]. In addition, PAHs can be found in a variety of environmental sources (such as vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and cigarette smoke), certain foods (such as grilled or smoked meats), and certain consumer products (such as creosote and tar-based roofing materials).…”