Global temperature response to century-scale degassing from the Siberian Traps Large igneous province

Stordal, Frøde; Svensen, Henrik; Aarnes, Ingrid; Roscher, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.01.045

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…A striking temporal coincidence is instead observed between the extinction event and the emplacement of Siberian Traps sills, which intruded the thick Tunguska basin, composed of evaporite, clastic, carbonate, and hydrocarbon-bearing rocks 12 . Heating of sediments over the large area encompassed by the sill complex (>1.5 × 10 6 km 2 ) likely liberated massive volumes of greenhouse gasses 12 , 25 . However, sills were intruded over an interval of ~500 kyr 4 , while the extinction interval and carbon isotope anomaly are both an order of magnitude shorter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction

2017

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Mass extinction events are short-lived and characterized by catastrophic biosphere collapse and subsequent reorganization. Their abrupt nature necessitates a similarly short-lived trigger, and large igneous province magmatism is often implicated. However, large igneous provinces are long-lived compared to mass extinctions. Therefore, if large igneous provinces are an effective trigger, a subinterval of magmatism must be responsible for driving deleterious environmental effects. The onset of Earth’s most severe extinction, the end-Permian, coincided with an abrupt change in the emplacement style of the contemporaneous Siberian Traps large igneous province, from dominantly flood lavas to sill intrusions. Here we identify the initial emplacement pulse of laterally extensive sills as the critical deadly interval. Heat from these sills exposed untapped volatile-fertile sediments to contact metamorphism, likely liberating the massive greenhouse gas volumes needed to drive extinction. These observations suggest that large igneous provinces characterized by sill complexes are more likely to trigger catastrophic global environmental change than their flood basalt- and/or dike-dominated counterparts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction

2017

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“…As discussed in the main text, classic volcanological estimates suggest flood basalt magmas do not release sufficient mantle carbon to cause the observed changes [58][59][60] , leading to the hypothesis that volatile-rich sedimentary rocks supply the bulk of the carbon 27,61 . However, recent estimates suggest that the mass of carbon released from the mantle could be much larger than previously thought 10,62,63 .…”

Section: And 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The timescale for the atmosphere to equilibrate with the ocean is 10 2 -10 3 years 65 . Therefore a pulse of CO2 release lasting <10 3 years will result in a transient peak in atmospheric pCO2, followed by an exponential decline in pCO2 as equilibration-first with the ocean, then with sediments, then through weathering-proceeds 59,66 . For simplicity, and to investigate the specific, transient Earth system response to a step change in atmospheric pCO2, we choose not to model this decline.…”

Section: And 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic swings in end-Permian climate from Siberian Traps carbon and sulfur outgassing

et al. 2018

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Siberian Traps flood basalt magmatism coincided with the end-Permian mass extinction approximately 252 million years ago. Proposed links between magmatism and ecological catastrophe include global warming, global cooling, ozone depletion, and changes in ocean chemistry. However, the critical combinations of environmental changes responsible for global mass extinction are undetermined. In particular, the combined and competing climate effects of sulfur and carbon outgassing remain to be quantified. Here we present results from global climate model simulations of flood basalt outgassing that account for sulfur chemistry and aerosol microphysics with coupled atmosphere and ocean circulation. We consider the effects of sulfur and carbon in isolation and in tandem. We find that coupling with the ocean strongly influences the climate response to flood basaltscale outgassing. We suggest that sulfur and carbon emissions from the Siberian Traps combined to generate systemic swings in temperature, ocean circulation, and hydrology

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“…It has also been suggested that additional methane came from the successful evolution and rapid expansion of certain methanogenic archaea (e.g., Methanosarcina) in the latest Permian seas, driven in part by the increased availability of dissolved nickel in the oceans (which is necessary for methanogenic activities) 7 , 37 . Negative shifts in δ 18 O at the same time may indicate methane-greenhouse driven increases in global surface temperatures (increases estimated at 8°C) (refs 38 , 39 ). The nickel anomalies may also provide a timeline for correlating the various Permian-Triassic boundary sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global nickel anomaly links Siberian Traps eruptions and the latest Permian mass extinction

Rampino

Rodriguez

Baransky

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Anomalous peaks of nickel abundance have been reported in Permian-Triassic boundary sections in China, Israel, Eastern Europe, Spitzbergen, and the Austrian Carnic Alps. New solution ICP-MS results of enhanced nickel from P-T boundary sections in Hungary, Japan, and Spiti, India suggest that the nickel anomalies at the end of the Permian were a worldwide phenomenon. We propose that the source of the nickel anomalies at the P-T boundary were Ni-rich volatiles released by the Siberian volcanism, and by coeval Ni-rich magma intrusions. The peaks in nickel abundance correlate with negative δ13C and δ18O anomalies, suggesting that explosive reactions between magma and coal during the Siberian flood-basalt eruptions released large amounts of CO2 and CH4 into the atmosphere, causing severe global warming and subsequent mass extinction. The nickel anomalies may provide a timeline in P-T boundary sections, and the timing of the peaks supports the Siberian Traps as a contributor to the latest Permian mass extinction.

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Global temperature response to century-scale degassing from the Siberian Traps Large igneous province

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction

Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction

Systemic swings in end-Permian climate from Siberian Traps carbon and sulfur outgassing

Global nickel anomaly links Siberian Traps eruptions and the latest Permian mass extinction

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