Global synthesis of the effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield

Albrecht, Matthias; Kleijn, David; Williams, N.; Tschumi, Matthias; Blaauw, Brett R.; Bommarco, Riccardo; Campbell, Alistair John; Dainese, Matteo; Drummond, F. A.; Entling, Martin H.; Ganser, Dominik; Groot, Arjen de; Goulson, Dave; Grab, Heather; Hamilton, Hannah; Herzog, Félix; Isaacs, Rufus; Jacot, Katja; Jeanneret, Philippe; Jonsson, Mattias; Knop, Eva; Kremen, Claire; Landis, Doug; Loeb, Greg; Marini, Lorenzo; McKerchar, Megan; Morandin, Lora A.; Pfister, Sonja C.; Potts, Simon G.; Rundlöf, Maj; Sardiñas, Hillary S.; Sciligo, Amber R.; Thies, Carsten; Tscharntke, Teja; Venturini, Eric; Veromann, Eve; Vollhardt, Ines M. G.; Wäckers, Félix; Ward, Kimiora L.; Wilby, Andrew; Woltz, Megan; Wratten, Steve D.; Sutter, Louis

doi:10.22541/au.158618502.29242370

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Although more field experiments are needed to confirm the trends found here, both the theory and the meta‐analysis provide a novel argument to the proposition that research should aim at increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies, instead of focusing on the development and application of synthetic pesticides, with their reported disadvantages (Bryden et al, 2013; Gould et al, 2018; Halstead et al, 2014; Köhler & Triebskorn, 2013; Yamamuro et al, 2019). The effectiveness of natural enemies can be improved either by stimulating their occurrence through increasing habitat diversity (Holland et al, 2016; Rusch et al, 2016), by supplying alternative food resources to natural enemies (Albrecht et al, 2020; van Rijn et al, 2002, 2013), by introducing natural enemies of new, invasive pests or by augmentative biological control. This will be an important step in the redesign of productive, sustainable agricultural systems (Pretty, 2018; Wyckhuys et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides do not significantly reduce arthropod pest densities in the presence of natural enemies

Janssen

Rijn

2021

Ecology Letters

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Chemical pesticides remain the main agents for control of arthropod crop pests despite increased concern for their side effects. Although chemical pesticide applications generally result in short‐term decreases of pest densities, densities can subsequently resurge to higher levels than before. Thus, pesticide effects on pest densities beyond a single pest generation may vary, but they have not been reviewed in a systematic manner. Using mathematical predator–prey models, we show that pest resurgence is expected when effective natural enemies are present, even when they are less sensitive to pesticides than the pest. Model simulations over multiple pest generations predict that pest resurgence due to pesticide applications will increase average pest densities throughout a growing season when effective natural enemies are present. We tested this prediction with a meta‐analysis of published data of field experiments that compared effects of chemical control of arthropod plant pests in the presence and absence of natural enemies. This largely confirmed our prediction: overall, pesticide applications did not reduce pest densities significantly when natural enemies were present, which concerned the vast majority of cases. We also show that long‐term pesticide effectiveness is underreported and suggest that pest control by natural enemies deserves more attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides do not significantly reduce arthropod pest densities in the presence of natural enemies

Janssen

Rijn

2021

Ecology Letters

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“…continuity have so far been neglected. Newly established flowering fields were found to be more attractive to pollinators than older flowering fields, but pollination services in adjacent fields peak 2 y after initial sowing (14,17). Older AES habitats could potentially also benefit rare and endangered species with specific habitat requirements, if species assemblages in AES habitats change toward those in permanent species-rich seminatural grasslands with time or increased temporal continuity (18).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results indicate that overall, within the range investigated, the size of flowering fields is not limiting the biodiversity they can harbor (this might be different for very small fields below 0.29 ha). Within the studied range, a network of small flowering fields could be more beneficial for agricultural landscapes than single large fields, as beneficial effects within crops (e.g., for pest control) are limited by distance from AES habitats (13,14,30). With such a network, edge areas promoting beneficial spillover S5.…”

Section: Boetzl Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, the value of AES for securing biodiversity is under debate (10,11). Beneficial effects previously reported focused on single taxonomic or trophic levels or ecosystem services and varied among study designs, taxa, or services assessed (12)(13)(14). Conclusive multitaxa approaches assessing potential services and disservices in one design are missing (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A multitaxa assessment of the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes for biodiversity management

Boetzl

Krauß

Heinze

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Agri-environmental schemes (AES) aim to restore biodiversity and biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services in landscapes impoverished by modern agriculture. However, a systematic, empirical evaluation of different AES types across multiple taxa and functional groups is missing. Within one orthogonal design, we studied sown flowering AES types with different temporal continuity, size, and landscape context and used calcareous grasslands as seminatural reference habitat. We measured species richness of 12 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, cicadas, orthopterans, bees, butterflies, moths, hoverflies, flower visiting beetles, parasitoid wasps, carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles, and birds) representing 5 trophic levels. A total of 54,955 specimens were identified using traditional taxonomic methods, and bulk arthropod samples were identified through DNA metabarcoding, resulting in a total of 1,077 and 2,110 taxa, respectively. Species richness of most taxonomic groups, as well as multidiversity and richness of pollinators, increased with temporal continuity of AES types. Some groups responded to size and landscape context, but multidiversity and richness of pollinators and natural enemies were not affected. AES flowering fields supported different species assemblages than calcareous grasslands, but assemblages became more similar to those in seminatural grasslands with increasing temporal continuity. Our results indicate that AES flowering fields and seminatural grasslands function synergistically. Flowering fields support biodiversity even when they are relatively small and in landscapes with few remaining seminatural habitats. We therefore recommend a network of smaller, temporally continuous AES flowering fields of different ages, combined with permanent seminatural grasslands, to maximize benefits for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service delivery in agricultural landscapes.

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“…Farmers' efforts to protect pollinators in agricultural lands remain very limited (Potts et al, 2016). WFS-research assesses impacts mostly on pollinator diversity; impacts on pests and natural enemies are sometimes also assessed, but rarely by the same study and even more rarely farmers' responses are described (Albrecht et al, 2020;Kleijn et al, 2019;Uyttenbroeck et al, 2016). Several authors highlighted that simple payment is not sufficient and that protection of ES or biodiversity depends highly on intrinsic motivation and aspects stimulating such motivation (Ahnström et al, 2009;García-Llorente et al, 2012;Knapp et al, 2020;Kusnandar et al, 2019;Marselle et al, 2020;Meijer et al, 2015;Mwebaze et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two enabling factors for farmer-driven pollinator protection in low- and middle-income countries

Christmann¹,

Aw‐Hassan²,

Güler

et al. 2021

International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability

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Reward-based wildflower strips are the most common approach for pollinator protection in high-income countries. Low-and middle-income countries cannot afford this practice. A promising pilot study in Uzbekistan introduced an alternative approach, Farming with Alternative Pollinators, focusing on farmers as target group, marketable habitat enhancement plants and a method-inherent incentive: higher income per surface achieved already in the first year. We hypothesized that higher income would be a replicable enabling factor across continents, but a knowledge-raising campaign would be necessary in many low-and middle-income countries. We assessed the replicability of the incentive with a small number of farmers in 2015-2016 in Morocco but focused on assessing if farmers have sufficient knowledge to recognize wild pollinators and use this approach. We conducted 766 interviews using a standardized questionnaire with randomly selected smallholder farmers in three culturally different farming societies of lowand middle-income countries (Morocco, Turkey and Benin). Farming with Alternative Pollinators induced higher income (75% (2015), 177% (2016)) also in Morocco. The trial and the survey show the indispensability of a knowledge-raising campaign as the second enabling factor. However, based on capacity building, Farming with Alternative Pollinators could have indeed high potential to promote pollinator protection in low-and middle-income countries.

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Global synthesis of the effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Pesticides do not significantly reduce arthropod pest densities in the presence of natural enemies

Pesticides do not significantly reduce arthropod pest densities in the presence of natural enemies

A multitaxa assessment of the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes for biodiversity management

Two enabling factors for farmer-driven pollinator protection in low- and middle-income countries

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