Global Spread of Norovirus GII.17 Kawasaki 308, 2014–2016

Chan, Martin C.W.; Hu, Yunwen; Chen, Haili; Podkolzin, Alexander T.; Zaytseva, Ekaterina V.; Komano, Jun; Sakon, Naomi; Poovorawan, Yong; Vongpunsawad, Sompong; Thanusuwannasak, Thanundorn; Hewitt, Joanne; Croucher, Dawn; Collins, Nikail; Vinjé, Jan; Pang, Xiaoli; Lee, Bonita E.; Graaf, Miranda de; Beek, Janko van; Vennema, Harry; Koopmans, Marion; Niendorf, Sandra; Poljšak-Prijatelj, Mateja; Steyer, Andrej; White, Peter A.; Lun, Jennifer H; Mans, Janet; Hung, T. F.; Kwok, Ka‐li; Cheung, Ka Li; Lee, Nelson; Chan, Paul K.S.

doi:10.3201/eid2308.161138

Cited by 69 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The epidemic strains were GII.P17‐GII.17 variants represented by Kawasaki308_2015 with a novel RdRp genotype produced by recombination and genetic changes in the capsid gene . The acquisition of a novel RdRp would have caused changes in the replication ability of the virus, affecting its propagation and evolutionary rate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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GII.17 norovirus infections in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Osaka City, Japan during two decades

Iritani

Yamamoto

Abe

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, and GII.4 has been the predominant genotype worldwide since the mid‐1990s. During the 2014 to 2015 winter, a rare genotype, NoV GII.17, emerged and became prevalent mainly in East Asia. Over the past two decades, NoV molecular surveillance in Osaka City, Japan, has revealed that NoV GII.17 was detected for the first time in February 2001 and that NoV GII.17‐associated outbreaks remarkably increased during the 2014 to 2015 season, with higher incidence recorded in January to March 2015. Genetic analysis indicated that 28 GII.17 outbreak strains were closely related to the novel GII.P17‐GII.17 variants represented by the Kawasaki308/2015/JP strain, similar to that in other regions. Statistical analysis showed that NoV GII.17 infections were more common in adults than GII.3 and GII.4 infections, suggesting that the affected adults most likely did not have antibodies against NoV GII.17 and the novel GII.17 variant had recently appeared. Regarding transmission, food was one of the most important factors involved in the spread of NoV GII.17 among adults; 61% of GII.17 outbreaks were foodborne, with oysters being the most common vehicle. Interplay between pathogens, hosts, and environmental factors was considered to be important in the 2014 to 2015 NoV GII.17 epidemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…It remains unclear why NoV GII.17 suddenly emerged and quickly spread in that particular season. However, previous papers and the present study suggest that this NoV GII.17 epidemic was affected by several factors, including pathogens, hosts, and other environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GII.17 norovirus infections in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Osaka City, Japan during two decades

Iritani

Yamamoto

Abe

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…In our present study, we provide further support for their hypotheses. Thus, the GII.17 noroviruses may represent a new target that needs to be considered for future vaccine strategies against noroviruses (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Antigenic Relatedness between GII.4 and GII.17 Noroviruses by Use of Serum Samples from Norovirus-Infected Patients

et al. 2017

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A novel GII.17 norovirus variant caused major gastroenteritis epidemics in China in 2014 to 2016. To explore the host immune factors in selection of the emergence of this new variant, we characterized its antigenic relatedness with the GII.4 noroviruses that have dominated in China for decades. Through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) blocking assay using sera from GII.4 and the GII.17 variant-infected patients, respectively, we observed limited cross-immune reactivity by the ELISA but little reactivity by the HBGA blocking assay between GII.4 norovirus and the new GII.17 variant. Our data suggest that, among other possible factors, GII.4-specific herd immunity had little role in the emergence of the new GII.17 variant. Thus, GII.17 may be an important active antigenic type or immunotype that needs to be considered for future vaccine strategies against human noroviruses.

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“…For example, GII.3 and not GII.4 viruses were the most prevalent genotype for 34 years (1974–1991) in children seeking care at the Children's Hospital in Washington, USA [Bok et al, 2009]. Also, the global spread of norovirus GII.17 between 2014 and 2016 have raised concern about the potential of this emerging genotype to replace GII.4[Chan et al, 2017]. …”

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric norovirus GII.4 infections in Nicaragua, 1999–2015

Bucardo

Reyes

Becker‐Dreps

et al. 2017

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Objectives Investigate clinical and epidemiological factors of pediatric GII.4 norovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Nicaragua between 1999 and 2015. Methods We retrospectively analyzed laboratory and epidemiologic data from 1,790 children ≤ 7 years with AGE from 6 hospitals in Nicaragua (n = 538), and 3 community clinics (n = 919) and households (n = 333) in León, between 1999 and 2015. Moreover, asymptomatic children from community clinics (n = 162) and households (n = 105) were enrolled. Norovirus was detected by real-time PCR and genotyped by sequencing the N-terminal and shell region of the capsid gene. Results Norovirus was found in 19% (n = 338) and 12% (n = 32) of children with and without AGE, respectively. In total, 20 genotypes including a tentatively new genotype were detected. Among children with AGE, the most common genotypes were GII.4 (53%), GII.14 (7%), GII.3 (6%) and GI.3 (6%). In contrast, only one (1.4%) GII.4 was found in asymptomatic children. The prevalence of GII.4 infections was significantly higher in children between 7 and 12 months of age. The prevalence of GII.4 was lowest in households (38%), followed by community clinics (50%) and hospitals (75%). Several different GII.4 variants were detected and their emergence followed the global temporal trend. Conclusions Overall our study found the predominance of pediatric GII.4 norovirus infections in Nicaragua mostly occurring in children between 7 and 12 months of age, implicating GII.4 as the main norovirus vaccine target.

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Global Spread of Norovirus GII.17 Kawasaki 308, 2014–2016

Cited by 69 publications

References 14 publications

GII.17 norovirus infections in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Osaka City, Japan during two decades

GII.17 norovirus infections in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Osaka City, Japan during two decades

Characterization of Antigenic Relatedness between GII.4 and GII.17 Noroviruses by Use of Serum Samples from Norovirus-Infected Patients

Pediatric norovirus GII.4 infections in Nicaragua, 1999–2015

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