“…According to numerous international reports, many of them continue to suffer from high poverty indicators, low-income levels (World Bank Group, 2020), high food prices, employment volatility and low wages (Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2019), food insecurity (UN-Habitat, 2020), high hunger rates (World Food Programme, 2021) and increased health crises (World Bank Group, 2020). However, many urban planning and design researchers and practitioners have started assessing the impact of PHD on cities of the Global North (Horney et al, 2020;Vandecasteele and Fasang, 2020) and South (Asaad et al, 2023;Jonah and May 2020;Madhavan et al, 2021). While most studies explore PHD by investigating how cities may address these threats to their well-being by increasing economic output (Ahmad, 2020) and productivity (Monkkonen et al, 2020).…”