Global scale life cycle environmental impacts of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotube synthesis processes

Temizel-Sekeryan, Sila; Wu, Fan; Hicks, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s11367-020-01862-1

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The authors found that the total impact of the nano-iron synthesis process in the United States was 52.5 and 73.6% greater than in the European and Brazilian scenarios, respectively. Such results demonstrate the importance of using more clean sources of energy to reduce the environmental impacts of the nanomaterials synthesis processes, corroborating the results obtained by Temizel-Sekeryan et al 24 In the DEm process (Figure 5a), after electricity, the largest negative environmental contribution corresponded to dichloromethane, followed by acetone and fatty acid. Dichloromethane contributed more than 6% in all the impact categories evaluated, highlighting the OD and HT categories, where it represented 98 and 69% of the environmental burden, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Other studies have reported that in processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, the consumption of electricity stands out as the main source of environmental impacts. ,, Asmatulu et al showed that nanomaterial manufacturing processes involve higher energy consumption, compared to macro-scale processes. Feijoo et al demonstrated that for different nanoparticle synthesis routes, energy consumption was the largest contributor to the impact categories in LCA, even exceeding 90% of the life cycle burden in some specific cases.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of LCA to the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanomaterials is an approach that can be used to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of nanotechnology on the environment. This assessment can assist in the development of cleaner production by identifying process steps where reductions in environmental impacts are possible, , determining the impacts of different nanomaterial synthesis routes ,, and comparing products obtained with different nanoparticles . In this process, LCA contributes to the identification of the potential risks associated with nanoparticles, before their implementation in the production chain, and helps establish the best way to obtain the product …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transition toward Eco-Efficiency of Two Synthesis Methods for Nano-Enabled Pesticides

Melo

Pereira

Fraceto

et al. 2023

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Nanoparticle synthesis methodologies have been developed over the last decades for reducing the concentrations of pesticides such as atrazine in the environment. In this work, life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic performance analysis tools were used to evaluate the eco-efficiency transition of two laboratory-scale synthesis processes for polymeric nanoparticles (NPo) containing atrazine (ATZ), namely, a double emulsion process (DEm) and a nanoprecipitation process (NPr). Life cycle inventories for both synthesis processes included the flows of matter and energy at a laboratory scale, complementing information from the Ecoinvent database. LCA used the ReCiPe 2016 methodology with a midpoint (H) to produce NPo + ATZ at a concentration of 1 mg ATZ mL–1 of final solution (functional unit). For both processes, freshwater ecotoxicity stood out among the impact categories evaluated, due to significant electricity consumption. The DEm process had a 61% higher total environmental impact, compared to the NPr process. The total cost of the DEm process per functional unit was 5% higher than that of the NPr process. Therefore, NPr achieved a gain of 54% for the eco-efficiency transition, in relation to DEm, for the production of NPo + ATZ. Two steps influenced this result that only occurred in the DEm process: sonication and the use of dichloromethane. Therefore, eco-efficiency enabled identification of the greener production process and the steps that had greater environmental and economic impacts in two NPo synthesis processes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transition toward Eco-Efficiency of Two Synthesis Methods for Nano-Enabled Pesticides

Melo

Pereira

Fraceto

et al. 2023

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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“…Moreover, HNTs have a production rate of 50,000 tons per year, while CNTs had a production rate of 31 to 1224 tons in Europe in the year 2012, which is expected to reach 7000 tons by 2025. [38][39][40] In addition, the SiO 2 price from this company is $55 per 25 g on average, compared to the more expensive nanoparticles such as TiO 2 (about $75 per 25 g on average) and Al 2 O 3 (around $95 per 25 g on average). [41] what is more, the production rate of SiO 2 was more than 459,000 tons in Europe alone in the year 2013, whereas the global output of TiO 2 nanoparticles estimated was about 5000 tons per year from 2006 to 2010 and 10,000 tons annually from 2011 to 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fumed silica and halloysite nanoparticles on the microstructure, mechanical, and fracture properties of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer toughened polypropylene

et al. 2022

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In this article, mechanical and fracture properties of two types of nanoparticles, namely fumed silica (FS) and halloysite nanotube filled polypropylene (PP) toughened with two types of thermoplastic elastomers (TPOs), namely ethylene-based TPO (ETPO) and propylene-based TPO (PTPO) were investigated. A full factorial design was exploited to clarify the influence of each factor as well as its interaction on outcomes. The essential work of fracture (EWF) approach was utilized to study the effect of each factor on fracture behavior. The addition of TPO enhanced the elongation at break and non-EWF by 62% and 40%, in turn. In addition, the tensile strength, modulus, and EWF increased by 8%, 34%, and 7%, respectively, by increasing the nanoparticles up to 1 wt%. The blend nanocomposite with 10 wt% of PTPO and 1 wt% of FS was selected as the best stiffnesstoughness-strength equivalence based on optimization results. Additionally, the R 2 extracted from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and plots of normal probability indicated good agreement between the experimental data and for foreseen one using full factorial models.

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“…Our LCA study will consider different parameters to evaluate the environmental impacts of the syntheses, for this, four distinct life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods will be used that specifically assess general parameters, CO 2 emissions, water consumption, and toxicity. This tool (LCA) has already been used to evaluate the environmental impacts related to different types of engineered nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], copper nanoparticles [ 49 ], graphene oxide [ 50 ], silver nanoparticles [ 39 , 51 ], nanocellulose [ 52 ], TiO 2 nanoparticles [ 53 ], and even CDs [ 27 , 29 , 33 , 41 , 54 ]. Therefore, we expect to identify the synthesis route that is more sustainable and the most crucial parameters associated with the environmental impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment-Based Comparative Study between High-Yield and “Standard” Bottom-Up Procedures for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

Fernandes

Silva

2022

Materials

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Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials with remarkable properties that can be produced from a wide variety of synthesis routes. Given that “standard” bottom-up procedures are typically associated with low synthesis yields, different authors have been trying to devise alternative high-yield fabrication strategies. However, there is a doubt if sustainability-wise, the latter should be really preferred to the former. Herein, we employed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to compare and understand the environmental impacts of high-yield and “standard” bottom-up strategies, by applying different life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods. These routes were: (1) production of hydrochar, via the hydrothermal treatment of carbon precursors, and its alkaline peroxide treatment into high-yield CDs; (2) microwave treatment of carbon precursors doped with ethylenediamine; (3) and (6) thermal treatment of carbon precursor and urea; (4) hydrothermal treatment of carbon precursor and urea; (5) microwave treatment of carbon precursor and urea. For this LCA, four LCIA methods were used: ReCiPe, Greenhouse Gas Protocol, AWARE, and USEtox. Results identified CD-5 as the most sustainable synthesis in ReCiPe, Greenhouse Gas Protocol, and USEtox. On the other hand, in AWARE, the most sustainable synthesis was CD-1. It was possible to conclude that, in general, high-yield synthesis (CD-1) was not more sustainable than “standard” bottom-up synthesis, such as CD-5 and CD-6 (also with relatively high-yield). More importantly, high-yield synthesis (CD-1) did not generate much lower environmental impacts than “standard” approaches with low yields, which indicates that higher yields come with relevant environmental costs.

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Global scale life cycle environmental impacts of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotube synthesis processes

Cited by 27 publications

References 60 publications

Transition toward Eco-Efficiency of Two Synthesis Methods for Nano-Enabled Pesticides

Transition toward Eco-Efficiency of Two Synthesis Methods for Nano-Enabled Pesticides

Effect of fumed silica and halloysite nanoparticles on the microstructure, mechanical, and fracture properties of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer toughened polypropylene

Life Cycle Assessment-Based Comparative Study between High-Yield and “Standard” Bottom-Up Procedures for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

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