Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for migraine, from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the GBD 2019

Abstract

Background The majority of epidemiological studies on migraine have been conducted in a specific country or region, and there is a lack of globally comparable data. We aim to report the latest information on global migraine incidence overview trends from 1990 to 2019. Methods In this study, the available data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. We present temporal trends in migraine for the world and its 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years. Meanwhile, an age-period-cohort model be used to estimate net drifts (overall annual percentage change), local drifts (annual percentage change in each age group), longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rate), and period (cohort) relative risks. Results In 2019, the global incidence of migraine increased to 87.6 million (95% UI: 76.6, 98.7), with an increase of 40.1% compared to 1990. India, China, United States of America, and Indonesia had the highest number of incidences, accounting for 43.6% of incidences globally. Females experienced a higher incidence than males, the highest incidence rate was observed in the 10–14 age group. However, there was a gradual transition in the age distribution of incidence from teenagers to middle-aged populations. The net drift of incidence rate ranged from 3.45% (95% CI: 2.38, 4.54) in high-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions to -4.02% (95% CI: -4.79, -3.18) in low SDI regions, 9 of 204 countries showed increasing trends (net drifts and its 95% CI were > 0) in incidence rate. The age-period-cohort analysis results showed that the relative risk of incidence rate generally showed unfavorable trends over time and in successively birth cohorts among high-, high-middle-, and middle SDI regions, but low-middle- and low-SDI regions keep stable. Conclusions Migraine is still an important contributor to the global burden of neurological disorders worldwide. Temporal trends in migraine incidence are not commensurate with socioeconomic development and vary widely across countries. Both sexes and all age groups should get healthcare to address the growing migraine population, especially adolescents and females.

Cervical Artery Dissections—A Demographical Analysis of Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics Treatment Procedures, and Outcomes—A Single Centre Study of 54 Consecutive Cases

“…The female gender has consistently shown a stronger predisposition toward migraine than their male counterparts [14]. Most commonly, metabolic factors and hormonal imbalances are likely to be the cause for a more significant female prevalence [15][16][17]. There is strong literature evidence that also links a more likely migraine predisposition in the case of women diagnosed with CAD rather than men.…”

Global, regional and national temporal trends in prevalence for cardiovascular diseases in women of childbearing age, from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis

“…The Wald χ2 test was utilized to assess the significance of the annual percentage change. Furthermore, in the APC model, age effects are depicted by fitted longitudinal age-specific rates adjusted for period deviations within a given birth cohort [ 22 , 24 , 25 ]. The data was cleaned using the “dplyr,” “tidyr,” and “purr” package, the“ggplot2”package was utilized for data visualization and“epitools” package to calculate age-standardized prevalence rate.…”

Using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography to delineate neurovascular homeostasis in migraine: a review

“…One of the vascular-derived disorders that can be assessed via OCT/OCTA is migraine. Migraine incidence worldwide was 87.6 million in 2019 ( Fan et al, 2023 ). Episodic migraine (<15 migraine days per month) is believed to originate from neuronal hyperexcitability in the trigeminal vascular system ( Welch et al, 2003 ) and can transform to chronic (15 or more days/month) through increased attack frequencies, perhaps due to functional and structural brain changes, central sensitization and neuroinflammation ( Mungoven et al, 2021 ).…”