Global, regional, and national mortality due to unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning, 2000–2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Moberg, Madeline E; Hamilton, Erin B; Zeng, Scott M; Bryazka, Dana; Zhao, Jeff T; Feldman, Rachel; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi; Abedi, Aidin; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afzal, Saira; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmed, Danial; Ahmed, Haroon; Alem, Dejene Tsegaye; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amrollahi-Sharifabadi, Mohammad; Anagaw, Tadele Fentabil; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atreya, Alok; Azari Jafari, Amirhossein; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagherieh, Sara; Bansal, Hansi; Barrow, Amadou; Bashiri, Azadeh; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Boloor, Archith; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Carvalho, Felix; Carvalho, Márcia; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Coberly, Kaleb; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza; Das, Saswati; Das, Subasish; Debela, Sisay Abebe; Demessa, Berecha Hundessa; Deng, Xinlei; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Desye, Belay; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dibas, Mahmoud; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Ekholuenetale, Michael; El Sayed, Iman; El-Huneidi, Waseem; Enyew, Daniel Berhanie; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fatima, Syeda Anum Fatima; Fischer, Florian; Franklin, Richard Charles; Garg, Tushar; Gebi, Tilaye Gebru; Gerema, Urge; Getachew, Melaku; Getachew, Motuma Erena; Ghamari, Farhad; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Harorani, Mehdi; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hassan, Abbas M; Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein; Hassen, Mohammed Bheser; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Mohammad; Heidari-Foroozan, Mahsa; Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba; Holla, Ramesh; Hoogar, Praveen; Hossain, Md Shakhaoat; Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Immurana, Mustapha; Iwu, Chidozie C D; Jayarajah, Umesh; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Kantar, Rami S; Kapoor, Neeti; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Katoto, Patrick DMC; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khateri, Sorour; Khodamoradi, Farzad; Khormali, Moein; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Grace; Kisa, Adnan; Koohestani, Hamid Reza; Krishan, Kewal; Kumar, Naveen; Laflamme, Lucie; Landires, Iván; Larijani, Bagher; Lauriola, Paolo; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Seung Won; Lim, Stephen S; Lobo, Stany W; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Maharaj, Sandeep B; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miller, Ted R; Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq; Misganaw, Awoke; Mishra, Manish; Misra, Sanjeev; Mittal, Chaitanya; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mokdad, Ali H; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mulita, Francesk; Mulualem, Jember Azanaw; Mulugeta, Temesgen; Murray, Christopher J L; Myers, Isabella; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nayak, Vinod C; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nouraei, Hasti; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Ordak, Michal; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pandey, Ashok; Pant, Suman; Parekh, Utsav; Pawar, Shrikant; Peden, Amy E; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana; Piel, Frédéric B; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Pourali, Ghazaleh; Qattea, Ibrahim; Qureshi, Maryam Faiz; Raghav, Pankaja Raghav; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmani, Shayan; Ramasubramani, Premkumar; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rawaf, Salman; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaei, Negar; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Malihe; Sadeghian, Farideh; Saeed, Umar; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Saif, Zahra; Sakshaug, Joseph W; Salahi, Saina; Salamati, Payman; Samy, Abdallah M; Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo; Schwebel, David C; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Seylani, Allen; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sham, Sunder; Shashamo, Bereket Beyene; Sheikhi, Rahim Ali; Shetty, B Suresh Kumar; Shetty, Pavanchand H; Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen; Singh, Harpreet; Singh, Paramdeep; Sisay, Eskinder Ayalew; Solomon, Yonatan; Taheri, Majid; Ullah, Irfan; Ullah, Sana; Violante, Francesco S; Vu, Linh Gia; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Yigit, Arzu; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Zaman, Muhammad; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zheng, Peng; Zoladl, Mohammad; Steinmetz, Jaimie D; Vos, Theo; Naghavi, Mohsen; Ong, Kanyin Liane

doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00185-8

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The most common symptoms of mild poisoning are dizziness/headache, brief loss of consciousness (not exceeding 60 minutes), and the main symptom of severe poisoning is prolonged loss of consciousness and possible neurological sequelae. Although the global age-standardized mortality rate caused by unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning decreased by nearly 50% during the 20-year period studied, the improvement in various regions was uneven 3 , so we still need to continue to work hard in preventing and treating carbon monoxide poisoning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of long-term prognosis of neurological sequelae in children with carbon monoxide poisoning

Wen,

Liang,

Wei

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common gas poisoning in emergency rooms during winter, but there are very few reports on carbon monoxide poisoning in children and long-term follow-ups. Epidemiological studies have shown that in China, infants (0-4 years old) and elderly people (70 years old and above) have a higher risk of DALYs (disability-adjusted life years), while young people (15-24 years old) have a higher risk of CO poisoning1. For carbon monoxide poisoning in children, long-term cognitive impairment, if it occurs, will have a detrimental effect on children's neurodevelopment and long-term healthy growth. Method: This study retrospectively analyzed children admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University for carbon monoxide poisoning from January 2018 to December 2022, and followed up on their neurological sequelae for a long period of time. The study was approved by the Ethics Committees of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (the identification code was KY2023131) and informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Through GDS scores, we further compared the differences between children with and without cognitive impairment，and identified some risk factors for long-term cognitive impairment in children after carbon monoxide poisoning. Result A total of 113 children were included in the study, with an average follow-up of 3.6 years (3.6±1.5 years). Among them, 13 children (11.5%, 13/113) had cognitive abnormalities. The use of gas water heaters in enclosed bathrooms (101 cases, 89.4%) was the most common cause of poisoning in children in this study, followed by heating with fire (11 cases, 9.7%). In addition, one child was forgotten by his father in a running car, resulting in poisoning. The clinical manifestations of children with cognitive abnormalities were mainly consciousness disorders (67 cases, 59.3%), dizziness or headache (37 cases, 32.7%), and other manifestations including irritability, crying, vomiting, limb weakness, and limb twitching, a total of 9 cases. The duration of consciousness disorders in children with cognitive abnormalities was mostly more than 1 day, with a median of 5 days, and the hospitalization time was longer. Children with cognitive abnormalities had higher CRP levels, higher D-dimer levels, and higher liver enzyme levels. The most common imaging change after carbon monoxide poisoning in children was cerebral edema, with two cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage observed and one case of demyelinating changes observed. For children with coma time less than 1 hour, there were few abnormal changes in cranial imaging. Children with cognitive abnormalities were more likely to develop epilepsy (38.5%, 5/13) and other system damage (53.8%, 7/13) during hospitalization, including pulmonary infection (3 cases), stressful gastrointestinal bleeding (2 cases), electrolyte imbalance (2 cases), liver and kidney or myocardial dysfunction (3 cases), and some children had multiple system damage at the same time. There were statistical differences in the admission carbon monoxide hemoglobin level, fibrinogen, D-dimer, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, neuron enolase, ALT/AST, lactate dehydrogenase, length of hospital stay, discharge and admission GCS scores, seizure frequency, duration of consciousness disorders exceeding 1 day, cranial imaging changes, use of ventilators, presence of other system damage, number of HBOT treatments, and whether the patient was transferred to another hospital between the two groups of children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the need to transfer to a higher-level hospital for treatment due to the severity of the condition and longer duration of coma were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment after long-term follow-up. Conclusion For children with an unconsciousness of more than 1 hour, it is recommended to consider performing a head imaging examination as soon as possible within 3 days after CO exposure to guide the treatment of the acute phase. For children who are transferred from lower-level hospitals to higher-level hospitals for treatment after poisoning, with an unconsciousness of more than 1 day or 5 days and more, long-term follow-up should be conducted to determine whether delayed encephalopathy or long-term cognitive impairment occurs, and timely and long-term intervention measures should be formulated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of long-term prognosis of neurological sequelae in children with carbon monoxide poisoning

Wen,

Liang,

Wei

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The oxidation of residual coal in goaf areas results in the generation of CO gas . Influenced by the flow field and air leakage, the airflow transports CO gas toward the working face, leading to instances of CO exceedance at the working face, thereby posing a significant threat to the safety of underground personnel. , Consequently, numerous scholars have undertaken studies on the underground migration patterns of CO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on CO Migration Patterns in Shallowly Buried Coal Seam Composite Goafs

Mao,

Zhou,

Jia

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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To address the issue of CO exceedance in the close-range composite goaf, this paper focuses on the composite goaf of the Shaping Mine as the research subject and investigated the migration dynamics of CO within shallowly buried composite goaf areas. Sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF 6 ) tracer experiments were conducted at the 13103 working face in Shaping Mine to assess surface fissures and air leakage, yielding insights into the distribution patterns of air leakage channels and facilitating the identification of critical areas for channel sealing. Programmed heating and oxidation experiments were conducted on coal seams 8 # and 13 # to determine the CO generation patterns during coal oxidation. The results show that higher concentrations of O 2 corresponded to elevated CO production at equivalent temperatures. Subsequent data analysis unveiled exponential relationships between the O 2 consumption rate and CO production rate within the goaf area, offering a theoretical framework for understanding CO migration patterns. Through numerical simulations, the study analyzed the CO migration patterns in the composite goaf area, observing downward diffusion of CO emanating from coal oxidation in the overlying goaf areas followed by dispersion toward the working face and roadways. Driven by airflow dynamics, CO accrued in the return air corner of the working face. Building upon these insights, comprehensive CO management strategies were implemented, resulting in sustained reductions of temperatures and CO concentrations to safe levels within the original high-temperature, high-concentration CO zones. Notably, CO concentrations at the return air corner of the working face continued to decline over the management period, reaching below 24 ppm within 10 to 15 days, highlighting the effectiveness of the management measures in ensuring safe underground production.

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Pollutants in aquatic system: a frontier perspective of emerging threat and strategies to solve the crisis for safe drinking water

Jan,

Mishra,

Bhat

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Global, regional, and national mortality due to unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning, 2000–2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Analysis of long-term prognosis of neurological sequelae in children with carbon monoxide poisoning

Analysis of long-term prognosis of neurological sequelae in children with carbon monoxide poisoning

Research on CO Migration Patterns in Shallowly Buried Coal Seam Composite Goafs

Pollutants in aquatic system: a frontier perspective of emerging threat and strategies to solve the crisis for safe drinking water

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