Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index of endocarditis: the global burden of disease study 1990–2019

Abstract

Aims Endocarditis accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment are of paramount importance for optimal patient outcome. However, only few studies have assessed quality of care (QoC) in endocarditis. We aimed to describe QoC and changes in epidemiological features of endocarditis from 1990 to 2019. Methods and results Using primary indices of mortality, incidence, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life year, obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we calculated four secondary measures. Principal component analysis was performed to calculate QoC index (QCI), scored on a scale of 0–100 with higher values indicating better QoC, for different locations, age groups, and genders from 1990 to 2019. The all-ages incidence rate of endocarditis was estimated to increase significantly from 1990 to 2019, while mortality rate did not change. The age-standardized QCI was 73.6% globally, with higher values in high-income countries than in low-income countries. High-income North America (82.0%) and Asia Pacific (81.1%) had the highest QCI, whereas Eastern Europe (43.3%) had the lowest. Globally, the 30–49 and 95+ age groups had the highest (91.3%) and the lowest (71.7%) QCI, respectively. In most countries, particularly those with lower socio-demographic index, women had better QCI. Conclusion This is the first global assessment of QCI, shedding light on the current trends and highlighting the necessity of improving the endocarditis QoC, mainly by timely case detection, adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines, utilizing targeted antibiotics and advanced treatments, in the African region and resolving gender inequality in selected countries.

The Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Infective Endocarditis From 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

“…Here, considering that the factors possibly contributing to IE incidence and mortality were mainly nosocomial, such as prosthetic valve, intravenous drug use, and cardiac indwelling electronic devices, we ascribed the decreasing DALYs partly to the progress in health care and medical technology, which obviously promoted better IE diagnosis and therapy, improved patients' quality of life, and lessened IE DALYs. Especially in relatively developed regions and countries like America and Western European countries, there are advanced medical levels despite higher IE incidence, which is consistent with the conclusion in previous study that better quality of care for endocarditis was observed in countries with higher socio-economic status ( 43 ).…”

Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index (QCI) of bipolar disorder: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990 to 2019

“…More details of the protocol used in generating QCI based on DALYs, mortality, prevalence, incidence, YLLs, and YLDs ratios have been fully elaborated elsewhere (Mohammadi et al, 2020). This method has been previously employed in various papers to demonstrate QCI in different diseases, including endocarditis (Momtazmanesh et al, 2022), ischemic heart disease (Aminorroaya et al, 2022), liver cancer (Ghamari et al, 2022), pancreatic cancer (Aryannejad et al, 2021), colorectal cancer (Nejadghaderi et al, 2022), thyroid cancer (Azadnajafabad et al, 2021), brain and other central nervous system (CNS) cancers (Mohammadi et al, 2021), gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (Khanali et al, 2021), lip and oral cavity cancer (Sofi-Mahmudi et al, 2021), child and adolescents (Hanifiha et al, 2022), non-rheumatic valvular heart diseases (Nejad et al, 2022), and hematologic malignancies (Keykhaei et al, 2021).…”

Expansion of the quality of care index on breast cancer and its risk factors using the global burden of disease study 2019

“…Calculation details and codes of QCI are available in a published protocol 26 . Also, other published articles utilizing the QCI to evaluate quality of care are available to prove the efficacy of this proxy 27‐38 . In summary, QCI is generated from the integration of four indices of mortality to incidence ratio (MIR), DALYs to prevalence ratio, prevalence to incidence ratio, and YLLs to YLDs ratio compiled by the principal component analysis (PCA) method 39 .…”

“… 26 Also, other published articles utilizing the QCI to evaluate quality of care are available to prove the efficacy of this proxy. 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 In summary, QCI is generated from the integration of four indices of mortality to incidence ratio (MIR), DALYs to prevalence ratio, prevalence to incidence ratio, and YLLs to YLDs ratio compiled by the principal component analysis (PCA) method. 39 The QCI scores are scaled into 0 to 100, as higher scores indicate better quality of care.…”