Global prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) during pregnancy, if left untreated, can cause adverse effects for the mothers, foetuses and newborns. However, limited information is available about the global status of IPIs in pregnant women. Here we undertook a meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of IPIs and associated risk factors in pregnant women. Methods We searched the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies that were published between 1 January 1987 and 30 December 2019. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 114 studies comprising 98 342 pregnant women across 35 countries were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Among IPIs identified from pregnant women, three helminth infections (hookworm 19% [95% CI 15 to 23], Ascaris lumbricoides 17% [95% CI 13 to 21] and Trichuris trichiura 11% [95% CI 7 to 16]) and three protozoan infections (Blastocystis sp. 21% [95% CI 4 to 46], Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 9% [95% CI 3 to 19] and Giardia sp. 8% [95% CI 4 to 13]) were identified as the most prevalent intestinal parasites. Moreover, we found that there was a significant association between IPIs with increased risk of anaemia in pregnant women (OR 2.65 [95% CI 2.08 to 3.37]). The prevalence of IPIs was slightly higher in geophagic pregnant women compared with controls, but this was not significant (OR 1.22 [95% CI 0.87 to 1.71]). According to species, the pooled OR of A. lumbricoides infection had a significantly higher risk in geophagic pregnant women compared with controls (OR 2.66 [95% CI 1.37 to 5.16]). There was a positive relationship between the high prevalence of IPIs in pregnant women living in rural areas compared with urban residents (OR 3.36 [95% CI 1.57 to 7.19]). Conclusions The current review revealed a relatively high prevalence of IPIs in pregnant women, especially in some low- and middle-income countries. These results suggest a need for improved prevention and control efforts to reduce the health risks to pregnant women.

Comorbidity of Geo-Helminthes among Malaria Outpatients of the Health Facilities in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…From the eligible studies of this review, seven of them were used to estimate the pooled magnitude of intestinal helminthic infection from Ascaris lumbricoides 25% (95% CI 15-35%). This result is in agreement with a report of systematic review from Asia [70] is higher than a global prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides 17% [95% CI 13-21%] [72] and a study conducted in Bangladesh 23% [73]. This variation could be attributable to the poor performance of water and sanitation program and inadequate health education service at the community level in Ethiopia.…”

Peningkatan Morbiditas dan Mortalitas pada Kehamilan Low Middle Country

“…Infeksi Usus merupakan masalah penyakit yang umum terjadi selama kehamilan, sehingga hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah serius bagi ibu serta embrio atau janin. Selain itu, Infeksi usus dapat menyebabkan anemia, menginduksi kekurangan zat besi, energi total, protein, asam folat dan seng sehinga hal tersebut dapat mengakibatkan berat badan kehamilan yang rendah dan retardasi pertumbuhan intrauterin (IUGR), risiko infeksi yang lebih besar, berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) serta tingkat kematian perinatal yang lebih tinggi [16]. Infeksi Usus dilaporkan diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab utama kematian ibu di negara berkembang terutama di daerah tropis dan subtropis Berdasarkan hasil review ditemukan bahwa prevalensi anemia dalam penelitian ini adalah 7,9%.…”

Magnitude of Intestinal Parasite Infection and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Service in Shewarobit Town Health Facilities, North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

“…(21%), E. histolytica/dispar (9%), and G. lamblia (8%). 9 Sanitation practices, availability of latrine, lack of proper use of latrines, handwashing practices, water quality, barefooted, receiving deworming, use of untreated water, eating raw vegetables, and health education are reported as associated factors in a different study. 10−14 Intestinal helminthic (like Hookworm) infection causes severe anemia in up to one-third of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in an increased likelihood of premature births, babies with low birth weight, and impaired lactation.…”