Global prevalence of human pegivirus‐1 in healthy volunteer blood donors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yang, Na; Dai, Run; Zhang, Xiaojun

doi:10.1111/vox.12876

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(349 reference statements)

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“…HPgV-1 (a Flaviviridae [35]) viremia occurs in 1-4% of blood donors in developed countries [36] and up to 30% of allo-HSCT recipients but has not been associated with clinical consequences [3,4]. Given the interaction of HPgV-1 with the immune system [37], the effect of persistent HPgV-1 viremia requires deeper investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking viral sequences by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in adult human blood samples during steroid-refractory/dependent graft-versus-host disease

et al. 2021

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Background Viral infections are common complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Allo-HSCT recipients with steroid-refractory/dependent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are highly immunosuppressed and are more vulnerable to infections with weakly pathogenic or commensal viruses. Here, twenty-five adult allo-HSCT recipients from 2016 to 2019 with acute or chronic steroid-refractory/dependent GvHD were enrolled in a prospective cohort at Geneva University Hospitals. We performed metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis using a validated pipeline and de novo analysis on pooled routine plasma samples collected throughout the period of intensive steroid treatment or second-line GvHD therapy to identify weakly pathogenic, commensal, and unexpected viruses. Results Median duration of intensive immunosuppression was 5.1 months (IQR 5.5). GvHD-related mortality rate was 36%. mNGS analysis detected viral nucleotide sequences in 24/25 patients. Sequences of ≥ 3 distinct viruses were detected in 16/25 patients; Anelloviridae (24/25) and human pegivirus-1 (9/25) were the most prevalent. In 7 patients with fatal outcomes, viral sequences not assessed by routine investigations were identified with mNGS and confirmed by RT-PCR. These cases included Usutu virus (1), rubella virus (1 vaccine strain and 1 wild-type), novel human astrovirus (HAstV) MLB2 (1), classic HAstV (1), human polyomavirus 6 and 7 (2), cutavirus (1), and bufavirus (1). Conclusions Clinically unrecognized viral infections were identified in 28% of highly immunocompromised allo-HSCT recipients with steroid-refractory/dependent GvHD in consecutive samples. These identified viruses have all been previously described in humans, but have poorly understood clinical significance. Rubella virus identification raises the possibility of re-emergence from past infections or vaccinations, or re-infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking viral sequences by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in adult human blood samples during steroid-refractory/dependent graft-versus-host disease

et al. 2021

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“…Pegivirus has no confirmed pathogenic effect [ 39 ]. It has both liver and immune cell tropism [ 40 ], and studies have shown that infection with HBV or HCV increase the risk of pegivirus infection [ 41 ]. Pegivirus is more prevalent in patients with liver transplant than partial hepatectomy patients, but pegivirus is not associated with any changes in clinical outcomes [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic profiling of blood from autoimmune hepatitis patients reveals potential mechanisms with implications for management

et al. 2022

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a poorly understood, chronic disease, for which corticosteroids are still the mainstay of therapy and most patients undergo liver biopsy to obtain a diagnosis. We aimed to determine if there was a transcriptomic signature of AIH in the peripheral blood and investigate underlying biologic pathways revealed by gene expression analysis. Whole blood RNA from 75 AIH patients and 25 healthy volunteers was extracted and sequenced. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 249 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in AIH patients compared to controls. Using a random forest algorithm, we determined that less than 10 genes were sufficient to differentiate the two groups in our cohort. Interferon signaling was more active in AIH samples compared to controls, regardless of treatment status. Pegivirus sequences were detected in five AIH samples and 1 healthy sample. The gene expression data and clinical metadata were used to determine 12 genes that were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis in AIH. AIH patients with a partial response to therapy demonstrated decreased evidence of a CD8+ T cell gene expression signal. These findings represent progress in understanding a disease in need of better tests, therapies, and biomarkers.

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“…Pegivirus is an RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family and commonly causes persistent infection (22,23). The global prevalence of pegivirus in healthy blood donors ranges from 1% to 9% among different regions (24), but in HIV-1infected populations, the prevalence is higher-up to more than 80% (25,26). Recent studies in China showed that the prevalences of pegivirus in intravenous drug users (IDUs) and MSM were ;30% and 18.3%, respectively (25,27), indicating a higher risk of transmission through blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Infection Alters the Viral Composition of Plasma in Men Who Have Sex with Men

et al. 2021

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Altered gut virome and expanded abundance of certain viruses were found in HIV-1-infected individuals. It remains largely unknown how plasma virus composition changes during HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We performed viral metagenomic analysis on viral particles enriched from human plasma from 101 men who have sex with men (MSM) with or without HIV-1 infection and whether or not on ART and compared the differences in the plasma virome. An increased plasma viral abundance of main eukaryotic viruses was observed during HIV-1 infection in MSM, especially in AIDS patients (CD4+ T cell counts of <200). Anellovirus, pegivirus and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were the most abundant blood-borne viruses detected among MSM and HIV-1-infected individuals, and anellovirus and pegivirus were closely related to HIV-1 infection. High diversity of anelloviruses was found mostly in HIV-1-infected MSM, and their abundance was positively correlated with the HIV-1 viral load, but negatively correlated with both CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio; in contrast, the abundance of pegivirus showed opposite correlations. ART usage could restore the plasma virome toward that of HIV-1-negative individuals. These data showed an expansion in abundance of certain viruses during HIV-1 infection, indicating the higher risk of shedding some blood-borne viruses in these individuals. These investigations indicate that both anellovirus and pegivirus may play certain roles in HIV disease progression. IMPORTANCE Though an increasing number of studies have indicated the existence of an interaction between the virome and human health or disease, the specific role of these plasma viral components remains largely unsolved. We provide evidence here that an altered plasma virome profile is associated with different immune status of HIV-1 infection. Specific resident viruses, such as anellovirus and pegivirus, may directly or indirectly participate in the disease progression of HIV-1 infection. These results can help to determine their clinical relevance and design potential therapies.

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Global prevalence of human pegivirus‐1 in healthy volunteer blood donors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 94 publications

Unmasking viral sequences by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in adult human blood samples during steroid-refractory/dependent graft-versus-host disease

Unmasking viral sequences by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in adult human blood samples during steroid-refractory/dependent graft-versus-host disease

Transcriptomic profiling of blood from autoimmune hepatitis patients reveals potential mechanisms with implications for management

HIV-1 Infection Alters the Viral Composition of Plasma in Men Who Have Sex with Men

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